Joshua 10:1 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ

Who acts: it, Adoni king, Joshua, inhabitants · What happens: come, pass, hear, take, destroy, do · To what, where: Ai, it, Jericho, peace · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Joshua 10:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — it, Adoni king, Joshua, inhabitants — and what happens in the verse to Ai, it, Jericho, peace, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיְהִי֩ כִשְׁמֹ֨עַ אֲדֹֽנִי־צֶ֜דֶקאֲדֹֽנִי־צֶ֜דֶק מֶ֣לֶךְ יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם כִּֽי־לָכַ֨ד יְהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ אֶת־הָעַי֮ וַיַּחֲרִימָהּ֒ כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשָׂ֤ה לִֽירִיחוֹ֙ וּלְמַלְכָּ֔הּ כֵּן־עָשָׂ֥ה לָעַ֖י וּלְמַלְכָּ֑הּ וְכִ֨י הִשְׁלִ֜ימוּ יֹשְׁבֵ֤י גִבְעוֹן֙ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיִּֽהְי֖וּ בְּקִרְבָּֽם׃

Now it came to pass, when Adoni-zedek king of Jerusalem heard how Joshua had taken Ai, and had utterly destroyed it; as he had done to Jericho and her king, so he had done to Ai and her king; and how the inhabitants of Gibeon had made peace with Israel, and were among them;

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יְהִי֩	cc	and
2	יְהִי֩	הָיָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	it was
3	כִ	כְּ	ADP	_	4 שְׁמֹ֨עַ	case	just
4	שְׁמֹ֨עַ	שָׁמַע	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	2 יְהִי֩	advcl	as heard
5	אֲדֹֽנִי־צֶ֜דֶק	אֲדֹנִי־צֶדֶק	PROPN	_	4 שְׁמֹ֨עַ	nsubj	Adoni-Zedek
6	אֲדֹֽנִי־צֶ֜דֶק	אֲדֹנִיצֶדֶק	PROPN	_	5 אֲדֹֽנִי־צֶ֜דֶק	appos	Adoni-Zedek
7	מֶ֣לֶךְ	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	5 אֲדֹֽנִי־צֶ֜דֶק	appos	the king
8	יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם	יְרוּשָׁלִַ͏ם	PROPN	_	7 מֶ֣לֶךְ	compound:smixut	of Jerusalem
9	כִּֽי־	כִּי	SCONJ	_	10 לָכַ֨ד	mark	(dm) that
10	לָכַ֨ד	לָכַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	4 שְׁמֹ֨עַ	ccomp	he had captured
11	יְהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ	יְהֹושֻׁעַ	PROPN	_	10 לָכַ֨ד	nsubj	Joshua
12	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	14 עַי֮	case	(et)
13	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	14 עַי֮	det	(the)
14	עַי֮	עַי	PROPN	_	10 לָכַ֨ד	obj	Ai
15	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	16 יַּחֲרִימ	cc	and
16	יַּחֲרִימ	חָרַם	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	10 לָכַ֨ד	conj	he
17	ָהּ֒	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 יַּחֲרִימ	obj	had totally destroyed it
18	כַּ	כְּ	ADP	_	28 עָשָׂ֥ה	obl	just
19	אֲשֶׁ֨ר	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	20 עָשָׂ֤ה	mark	as
20	עָשָׂ֤ה	עָשָׂה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	18 כַּ	acl:relcl	he had done
21	לִֽ	לְ	ADP	_	22 ירִיחוֹ֙	case	to
22	ירִיחוֹ֙	יְרִיחֹו־יְרִחֹו	PROPN	_	20 עָשָׂ֤ה	obl	Jericho
23	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	25 מַלְכּ	cc	and
24	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	25 מַלְכּ	case	to
25	מַלְכּ	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	22 ירִיחוֹ֙	conj	king
26	ָ֔הּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	25 מַלְכּ	nmod:poss	its
27	כֵּן־	כֵּן	ADV	_	28 עָשָׂ֥ה	advmod	so
28	עָשָׂ֥ה	עָשָׂה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	10 לָכַ֨ד	parataxis	he had done
29	לָ	לְ	ADP	_	31 עַ֖י	case	to
30	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	31 עַ֖י	det	(the)
31	עַ֖י	עַי	PROPN	_	28 עָשָׂ֥ה	obl	Ai
32	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	34 מַלְכּ	cc	and
33	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	34 מַלְכּ	case	to
34	מַלְכּ	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	31 עַ֖י	conj	king
35	ָ֑הּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	34 מַלְכּ	nmod:poss	its
36	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	38 הִשְׁלִ֜ימוּ	cc	and (dm)
37	כִ֨י	כִּי	SCONJ	_	38 הִשְׁלִ֜ימוּ	mark	that
38	הִשְׁלִ֜ימוּ	שָׁלַם	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Plur Person=3	10 לָכַ֨ד	conj	they had made peace
39	יֹשְׁבֵ֤י	יָשַׁב	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur	38 הִשְׁלִ֜ימוּ	nsubj	the inhabitants
40	גִבְעוֹן֙	גִּבְעוֹן	PROPN	_	39 יֹשְׁבֵ֤י	compound:smixut	of Gibeon
41	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	42 יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל	case	with
42	יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל	יִשְׂרָאֵל	PROPN	_	38 הִשְׁלִ֜ימוּ	obl	Israel
43	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	44 יִּֽהְי֖וּ	cc	and
44	יִּֽהְי֖וּ	הָיָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	38 הִשְׁלִ֜ימוּ	conj	they were
45	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	46 קִרְבּ	case	in
46	קִרְבּ	קֶרֶב	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	44 יִּֽהְי֖וּ	obl	midst
47	ָֽם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	46 קִרְבּ	nmod:poss	their
48	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	47 ָֽם	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	who makes it happen (AA)
שְׁמֹעַ as heard	infinitive construct · qal	אֲדֹֽנִי־צֶדֶק Adoni-Zedek	כִּֽי־ (dm) that + עַי Ai + כֵּן־ so + וְ and (dm)
לָכַד he had captured	qatal · qal	לָכַד he had captured
יַּחֲרִימ he	wayyiqtol · hiphil			לָכַד he had captured
עָשָׂה he had done	qatal · qal	לָכַד he had captured
עָשָׂה he had done	qatal · qal	לָכַד he had captured
הִשְׁלִימוּ they had made peace	qatal · hiphil	הִשְׁלִימוּ they had made peace
יִּֽהְיוּ they were	wayyiqtol · qal	הִשְׁלִימוּ they had made peace

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וַהֲוָה כַּד שְׁמַע אֲדֹנִי צֶדֶק מַלְכָּא דִירוּשְׁלֵם אֲרֵי כְּבַשׁ יְהוֹשֻׁעַ יַת עַי וְגַמְרָהּ כְּמָא דַעֲבַד לִירִיחוֹ וּלְמַלְכָּהּ כֵּן עֲבַד לָעַי וּלְמַלְכָּה וַאֲרֵי אַשְׁלִימוּ יַתְבֵי גִבְעוֹן עִם יִשְׂרָאֵל וַהֲווֹ בֵּינֵיהוֹן:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Now it came to pass, when Adoni-zedek king of Jerusalem heard how Joshua had taken Ai, and had utterly destroyed it; as he had done to Jericho and her king, so he had done to Ai and her king; and how the inhabitants of Gibeon had made peace with Israel, and were among them;

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:JOS:213.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.1/