Joshua 10:2 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ

Who acts: inhabitants, Gibeon, city, men · What happens: fear, be · To what, where: great city

This is Joshua 10:2 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — inhabitants, Gibeon, city, men — and what happens in the verse to great city, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיִּֽירְא֣וּ מְאֹ֔ד כִּ֣י עִ֤יר גְּדוֹלָה֙ גִּבְע֔וֹן כְּאַחַ֖ת עָרֵ֣י הַמַּמְלָכָ֑ה וְכִ֨י הִ֤יא גְדוֹלָה֙ מִן־הָעַ֔י וְכָל־אֲנָשֶׁ֖יהָ גִּבֹּרִֽים׃

that they feared greatly, because Gibeon was a great city, as one of the royal cities, and because it was greater than Ai, and all the men thereof were mighty.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יִּֽירְא֣וּ	cc	and
2	יִּֽירְא֣וּ	יָרֵא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	root	root	they were afraid
3	מְאֹ֔ד	מְאֹד	ADV	_	2 יִּֽירְא֣וּ	advmod	very
4	כִּ֣י	כִּי	SCONJ	_	5 עִ֤יר	mark	(dm)
5	עִ֤יר	עִיר	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	2 יִּֽירְא֣וּ	advcl	[was] a city
6	גְּדוֹלָה֙	גָּדוֹל	ADJ	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	5 עִ֤יר	amod	great
7	גִּבְע֔וֹן	גִּבְעוֹן	PROPN	_	5 עִ֤יר	nsubj	Gibeon
8	כְּ	כְּ	ADP	_	10 עָרֵ֣י	case	like
9	אַחַ֖ת	אֶחָד	NUM	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	10 עָרֵ֣י	nummod	one
10	עָרֵ֣י	עִיר	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	5 עִ֤יר	obl	of the cities
11	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	12 מַּמְלָכָ֑ה	det	of (the)
12	מַּמְלָכָ֑ה	מַמְלָכָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	10 עָרֵ֣י	compound:smixut	royalty
13	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	16 גְדוֹלָה֙	cc	and
14	כִ֨י	כִּי	SCONJ	_	16 גְדוֹלָה֙	mark	(dm)
15	הִ֤יא	הִיא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 גְדוֹלָה֙	nsubj	it
16	גְדוֹלָה֙	גָּדוֹל	ADJ	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	2 יִּֽירְא֣וּ	advcl	[was] great
17	מִן־	מִן	ADP	_	19 עַ֔י	case	more than
18	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	19 עַ֔י	det	(the)
19	עַ֔י	עַי	PROPN	_	16 גְדוֹלָה֙	obl	Ai
20	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	24 גִּבֹּרִֽים	cc	and
21	כָל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	24 גִּבֹּרִֽים	nsubj	all
22	אֲנָשֶׁ֖י	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	21 כָל־	compound:smixut	men
23	הָ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	22 אֲנָשֶׁ֖י	nmod:poss	its
24	גִּבֹּרִֽים	גִּבּוֹר	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	2 יִּֽירְא֣וּ	conj	[were] warriors
25	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	24 גִּבֹּרִֽים	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	to whom, further (A2)	who makes it happen (AA)
יִּֽירְאוּ they were afraid	wayyiqtol · qal

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וּדְחִילוּ לַחֲדָא אֲרֵי קַרְתָּא רַבְּתָא גִבְעוֹן כַּחֲדָא מִקִרְוֵי מַלְכְּוָתָא וַאֲרֵי הִיא רַבָּא מִן עָי וְכָל גַבְרָהָא גִבָּרִין:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

that they feared greatly, because Gibeon was a great city, as one of the royal cities, and because it was greater than Ai, and all the men thereof were mighty.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:JOS:214.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.2/