Joshua 10:10 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ

Who acts: LORD, men · What happens: discomfit, slay, chase, smote · To what, where: men, hands, Azekah

This is Joshua 10:10 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — LORD, men — and what happens in the verse to men, hands, Azekah, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיְהֻמֵּ֤ם יְהוָה֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיַּכֵּ֥ם מַכָּֽה־גְדוֹלָ֖ה בְּגִבְע֑וֹן וַֽיִּרְדְּפֵ֗ם דֶּ֚רֶךְ מַעֲלֵ֣ה בֵית־חוֹרֹ֔ןבֵית־חוֹרֹ֔ן וַיַּכֵּ֥ם עַד־עֲזֵקָ֖ה וְעַד־מַקֵּדָֽה׃

And the LORD discomfited them before Israel, and slew them with a great slaughter at Gibeon; and they chased them by the way of the ascent of Beth-horon, and smote them to Azekah, and unto Makkedah.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יְהֻמּ	cc	and
2	יְהֻמּ	הָמַם	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he
3	ֵ֤ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 יְהֻמּ	obj	confused them
4	יְהוָה֙	יהוה	PROPN	_	2 יְהֻמּ	nsubj	Yahweh
5	לִ	לְ	ADP	_	6 פְנֵ֣י	case	before
6	פְנֵ֣י	פָּנֶה	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 יְהֻמּ	obl
7	יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל	יִשְׂרָאֵל	PROPN	_	6 פְנֵ֣י	compound:smixut	Israel
8	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	9 יַּכּ	cc	and
9	יַּכּ	נָכָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יְהֻמּ	conj	he
10	ֵ֥ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 יַּכּ	obj	defeated them
11	מַכָּֽה־	מַכָּה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	9 יַּכּ	obl	a defeat
12	גְדוֹלָ֖ה	גָּדוֹל	ADJ	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	11 מַכָּֽה־	amod	great
13	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	14 גִבְע֑וֹן	case	at
14	גִבְע֑וֹן	גִּבְעוֹן	PROPN	_	9 יַּכּ	obl	Gibeon
15	וַֽ	וְ	CCONJ	_	16 יִּרְדְּפ	cc	and
16	יִּרְדְּפ	רָדַף	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יְהֻמּ	conj	he
17	ֵ֗ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 יִּרְדְּפ	obj	pursued them
18	דֶּ֚רֶךְ	דֶּרֶךְ	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 יִּרְדְּפ	obl	the direction
19	מַעֲלֵ֣ה	מַעֲלָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	18 דֶּ֚רֶךְ	compound:smixut	of the ascent
20	בֵית־חוֹרֹ֔ן	בֵּית־חֹורֹון	PROPN	_	19 מַעֲלֵ֣ה	compound:smixut	of
21	בֵית־חוֹרֹ֔ן	בֵּית־חוֹרֹן	PROPN	_	19 מַעֲלֵ֣ה	compound:smixut	Beth Horon
22	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	23 יַּכּ	cc	and
23	יַּכּ	נָכָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יְהֻמּ	conj	he
24	ֵ֥ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	23 יַּכּ	obj	defeated them
25	עַד־	עַד	ADP	_	26 עֲזֵקָ֖ה	case	to
26	עֲזֵקָ֖ה	עֲזֵקָה	PROPN	_	23 יַּכּ	obl	Azekah
27	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	29 מַקֵּדָֽה	cc	and
28	עַד־	עַד	ADP	_	29 מַקֵּדָֽה	case	to
29	מַקֵּדָֽה	מַקֵּדָה	PROPN	_	26 עֲזֵקָ֖ה	conj	Makkedah
30	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	29 מַקֵּדָֽה	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	who makes it happen (AA)
יְהֻמּ he	wayyiqtol · qal	יְהוָה Yahweh	ֵם confused them
יַּכּ he	wayyiqtol · hiphil	ֵם defeated them		יְהוָה Yahweh
יִּרְדְּפ he	wayyiqtol · qal	יְהוָה Yahweh	ֵם pursued them
יַּכּ he	wayyiqtol · hiphil			יְהוָה Yahweh

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וְתַבְּרִינוּן יְיָ קֳדָם יִשְׂרָאֵל וּמְחָנוּן מַחֲתָא רַבָּא בְּגִבְעוֹן וּרְדָפוּנוּן בְּאוֹרַח מַסְקְנָא דְבֵית חוֹרוֹן וּמְחָנוּן עַד עֲזֵקָה וְעַד מַקֵדָה:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And the LORD discomfited them before Israel, and slew them with a great slaughter at Gibeon; and they chased them by the way of the ascent of Beth-horon, and smote them to Azekah, and unto Makkedah.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:JOS:222.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.10/