Joshua 10:18 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ

Who acts: Joshua · What happens: say, roll, set, keep · To what, where: great stones, men, stones · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Joshua 10:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Joshua — and what happens in the verse to great stones, men, stones, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ גֹּ֛לּוּ אֲבָנִ֥ים גְּדֹל֖וֹת אֶל־פִּ֣י הַמְּעָרָ֑ה וְהַפְקִ֧ידוּ עָלֶ֛יהָ אֲנָשִׁ֖ים לְשָׁמְרָֽם׃

And Joshua said: 'Roll great stones unto the mouth of the cave, and set men by it to keep them;

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יֹּ֣אמֶר	cc	and
2	יֹּ֣אמֶר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he said
3	יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ	יְהֹושֻׁעַ	PROPN	_	2 יֹּ֣אמֶר	nsubj	Joshua
4	גֹּ֛לּוּ	גָּלַל	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=2	2 יֹּ֣אמֶר	ccomp	roll
5	אֲבָנִ֥ים	אֶבֶן	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	4 גֹּ֛לּוּ	obj	stones
6	גְּדֹל֖וֹת	גָּדוֹל	ADJ	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	5 אֲבָנִ֥ים	amod	large
7	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	8 פִּ֣י	case	into
8	פִּ֣י	פֶּה	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	4 גֹּ֛לּוּ	obl	the mouth
9	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	10 מְּעָרָ֑ה	det	of
10	מְּעָרָ֑ה	מְעָרָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	8 פִּ֣י	compound:smixut	the cave
11	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	12 הַפְקִ֧ידוּ	cc	and
12	הַפְקִ֧ידוּ	פָּקַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Plur Person=2	4 גֹּ֛לּוּ	conj	appoint
13	עָלֶ֛י	עַל	ADP	_	14 הָ	case	over
14	הָ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 הַפְקִ֧ידוּ	obl	it
15	אֲנָשִׁ֖ים	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	12 הַפְקִ֧ידוּ	obj	men
16	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	17 שָׁמְר	case	to
17	שָׁמְר	שָׁמַר	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	12 הַפְקִ֧ידוּ	advcl	guard
18	ָֽם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 שָׁמְר	obj	them
19	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	18 ָֽם	punct

Pragmatics

form: command
act: request
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יֹּאמֶר he said	wayyiqtol · qal	יְהוֹשֻׁעַ Joshua
גֹּלּוּ roll	imperative · qal		אֲבָנִים stones
הַפְקִידוּ appoint	imperative · hiphil	אֲנָשִׁים men
שָׁמְר guard	infinitive construct · qal	אֲנָשִׁים men	ָֽם them

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וַאֲמַר יְהוֹשֻׁעַ קְרִיבוּ אַבְנִין רַבְרְבִין קֳדָם פּוּמָא דִמְעַרְתָּא וּמַנוֹ עֲלָהּ גַבְרִין לְמִטַרְהוֹן:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And Joshua said: 'Roll great stones unto the mouth of the cave, and set men by it to keep them;

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:JOS:230.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.18/