Joshua 2:23 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ

Who acts: two men, men · What happens: return, descend, pass over, come, tell, befall · To what, where: mountain, Joshua, all, men · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Joshua 2:23 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — two men, men — and what happens in the verse to mountain, Joshua, all, men, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיָּשֻׁ֜בוּ שְׁנֵ֤י הָֽאֲנָשִׁים֙ וַיֵּרְד֣וּ מֵֽהָהָ֔ר וַיַּעַבְרוּ֙ וַיָּבֹ֔אוּ אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ בִּן־נ֑וּן וַיְסַ֨פְּרוּ־ל֔וֹ אֵ֥ת כָּל־הַמֹּצְא֖וֹת אוֹתָֽם׃

Then the two men returned, and descended from the mountain, and passed over, and came to Joshua the son of Nun; and they told him all that had befallen them.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יָּשֻׁ֜בוּ	cc	and
2	יָּשֻׁ֜בוּ	שׁוּב	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	root	root	they returned
3	שְׁנֵ֤י	שְׁנַיִם	NUM	Gender=Masc Number=Dual	5 אֲנָשִׁים֙	nummod	the two
4	הָֽ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	5 אֲנָשִׁים֙	det	the
5	אֲנָשִׁים֙	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	2 יָּשֻׁ֜בוּ	nsubj	men
6	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	7 יֵּרְד֣וּ	cc	and
7	יֵּרְד֣וּ	יָרַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יָּשֻׁ֜בוּ	conj	they went down
8	מֵֽ	מִן	ADP	_	10 הָ֔ר	case	from
9	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	10 הָ֔ר	det	the hill
10	הָ֔ר	הַר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	7 יֵּרְד֣וּ	obl	country
11	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	12 יַּעַבְרוּ֙	cc	and
12	יַּעַבְרוּ֙	עָבַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יָּשֻׁ֜בוּ	conj	they passed over
13	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	14 יָּבֹ֔אוּ	cc	and
14	יָּבֹ֔אוּ	בּוֹא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יָּשֻׁ֜בוּ	conj	they came
15	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	16 יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ	case	to
16	יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ	יְהֹושֻׁעַ	PROPN	_	14 יָּבֹ֔אוּ	obl	Joshua
17	בִּן־	בֵּן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	16 יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ	appos	the son
18	נ֑וּן	נוּן	PROPN	_	17 בִּן־	compound:smixut	of Nun
19	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	20 יְסַ֨פְּרוּ־	cc	and
20	יְסַ֨פְּרוּ־	סָפַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יָּשֻׁ֜בוּ	conj	they recounted
21	ל	לְ	ADP	_	22 ֔וֹ	case	to
22	֔וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 יְסַ֨פְּרוּ־	obl	him
23	אֵ֥ת	אֵת	ADP	_	24 כָּל־	case	(et)
24	כָּל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	20 יְסַ֨פְּרוּ־	obj	all
25	הַ	הַ	SCONJ	_	26 מֹּצְא֖וֹת	mark	the [things
26	מֹּצְא֖וֹת	מָצָא	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur	24 כָּל־	compound:smixut	which] had found
27	אוֹת	אֵת	ADP	_	28 ָֽם	case
28	ָֽם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	26 מֹּצְא֖וֹת	obj	them
29	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	28 ָֽם	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יָּשֻׁבוּ they returned	wayyiqtol · qal	אֲנָשִׁים men
יֵּרְדוּ they went down	wayyiqtol · qal	אֲנָשִׁים men
יַּעַבְרוּ they passed over	wayyiqtol · qal	אֲנָשִׁים men
יָּבֹאוּ they came	wayyiqtol · qal	אֲנָשִׁים men
יְסַפְּרוּ־ they recounted	wayyiqtol · piel	אֲנָשִׁים men	מֹּצְאוֹת which] had found
מֹּצְאוֹת which] had found	participle active · qal		ָֽם them

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וְתָבוּ תְּרֵין גֻבְרָין וּנְחִיתוּ מִן טוּרָא וַעֲבָרוּ וַאֲתוֹ לְוַת יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בַּר נוּן וְאִשְׁתְּעִיאוּ לֵיהּ יַת כָּל דְעַרָעָא יַתְהוֹן:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Then the two men returned, and descended from the mountain, and passed over, and came to Joshua the son of Nun; and they told him all that had befallen them.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:JOS:40.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.2.23/