Joshua 4:12 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ

Who acts: children, Moses · What happens: pass on, speak · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Joshua 4:12 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — children, Moses — and what happens in the verse, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַ֠יַּעַבְרוּ בְּנֵי־רְאוּבֵ֨ן וּבְנֵי־גָ֜ד וַחֲצִ֨י שֵׁ֤בֶט הַֽמְנַשֶּׁה֙ חֲמֻשִׁ֔ים לִפְנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר דִּבֶּ֥ר אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם מֹשֶֽׁה׃

And the children of Reuben, and the children of Gad, and the half-tribe of Manasseh, passed on armed before the children of Israel, as Moses spoke unto them;

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ֠	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יַּעַבְרוּ	cc	and
2	יַּעַבְרוּ	עָבַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	root	root	they passed over
3	בְּנֵי־	בֵּן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	2 יַּעַבְרוּ	nsubj	the descendants
4	רְאוּבֵ֨ן	רְאוּבֵן	PROPN	_	3 בְּנֵי־	compound:smixut	of Reuben
5	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	6 בְנֵי־	cc	and
6	בְנֵי־	בֵּן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	3 בְּנֵי־	conj	the descendants
7	גָ֜ד	גָּד	PROPN	_	6 בְנֵי־	compound:smixut	of Gad
8	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	9 חֲצִ֨י	cc	and
9	חֲצִ֨י	חֲצִי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	3 בְּנֵי־	conj	the half
10	שֵׁ֤בֶט	שֵׁבֶט	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	9 חֲצִ֨י	compound:smixut	of the tribe
11	הַֽ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	12 מְנַשֶּׁה֙	det	of (the)
12	מְנַשֶּׁה֙	מְנַשֶּׁה	PROPN	_	10 שֵׁ֤בֶט	compound:smixut	Manasseh
13	חֲמֻשִׁ֔ים	חמשׁ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur	2 יַּעַבְרוּ	obl:npmod	arrayed for battle
14	לִ	לְ	ADP	_	15 פְנֵ֖י	case	before
15	פְנֵ֖י	פָּנֶה	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 יַּעַבְרוּ	obl
16	בְּנֵ֣י	בֵּן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	15 פְנֵ֖י	compound:smixut	the people
17	יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל	יִשְׂרָאֵל	PROPN	_	16 בְּנֵ֣י	compound:smixut	of Israel
18	כַּ	כְּ	ADP	_	2 יַּעַבְרוּ	obl	just
19	אֲשֶׁ֛ר	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	20 דִּבֶּ֥ר	mark	as
20	דִּבֶּ֥ר	דָבַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=3	18 כַּ	acl:relcl	he had spoken
21	אֲלֵי	אֶל	ADP	_	22 הֶ֖ם	case	to
22	הֶ֖ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 דִּבֶּ֥ר	obl	them
23	מֹשֶֽׁה	מֹשֶׁה	PROPN	_	20 דִּבֶּ֥ר	nsubj	Moses
24	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	23 מֹשֶֽׁה	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יַּעַבְרוּ they passed over	wayyiqtol · qal	בְּנֵי־ the descendants + בְנֵי־ the descendants + חֲצִי the half
חֲמֻשִׁים arrayed for battle	participle passive · qal		בְּנֵי־ the descendants + בְנֵי־ the descendants + חֲצִי the half
דִּבֶּר he had spoken	qatal · piel	מֹשֶֽׁה Moses

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וַעֲבָרוּ בְּנֵי רְאוּבֵן וּבְנֵי גָד וּפַּלְגוּת שִׁבְטָא דִמְנַשֶׁה מְזָרְזִין קֳדָם בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל כְּמָא דְמַלֵיל עִמְהוֹן מֹשֶׁה:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And the children of Reuben, and the children of Gad, and the half-tribe of Manasseh, passed on armed before the children of Israel, as Moses spoke unto them;

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:JOS:70.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.4.12/