Joshua 4:7 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ

Who acts: ye, ark, stones, LORD · What happens: say, cut off, pass, be, covenant · To what, where: waters, Jordan · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Joshua 4:7 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — ye, ark, stones, LORD — and what happens in the verse to waters, Jordan, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַאֲמַרְתֶּ֣ם לָהֶ֗ם אֲשֶׁ֨ר נִכְרְת֜וּ מֵימֵ֤י הַיַּרְדֵּן֙ מִפְּנֵי֙ אֲר֣וֹן בְּרִית־יְהוָ֔ה בְּעָבְרוֹ֙ בַּיַּרְדֵּ֔ן נִכְרְת֖וּ מֵ֣י הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן וְ֠הָיוּ הָאֲבָנִ֨ים הָאֵ֧לֶּה לְזִכָּר֛וֹן לִבְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃

then ye shall say unto them: Because the waters of the Jordan were cut off before the ark of the covenant of the LORD; when it passed over the Jordan, the waters of the Jordan were cut off; and these stones shall be for a memorial unto the children of Israel for ever.'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 אֲמַרְתֶּ֣ם	cc	and
2	אֲמַרְתֶּ֣ם	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=2	root	root	you will say
3	ל	לְ	ADP	_	4 ָהֶ֗ם	case	to
4	ָהֶ֗ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 אֲמַרְתֶּ֣ם	obl	them
5	אֲשֶׁ֨ר	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	6 נִכְרְת֜וּ	mark	(cmp)
6	נִכְרְת֜וּ	כָּרַת	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 אֲמַרְתֶּ֣ם	ccomp	they were cut off
7	מֵימֵ֤י	מַיִם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	6 נִכְרְת֜וּ	nsubj	the waters
8	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	9 יַּרְדֵּן֙	det	of
9	יַּרְדֵּן֙	יַרְדֵּן	PROPN	_	7 מֵימֵ֤י	compound:smixut	the Jordan
10	מִ	מִן	ADP	_	11 פְּנֵי֙	case	from
11	פְּנֵי֙	פָּנֶה	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 נִכְרְת֜וּ	obl	before
12	אֲר֣וֹן	אֲרוֹן	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 פְּנֵי֙	compound:smixut	the ark
13	בְּרִית־	בְּרִית	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	12 אֲר֣וֹן	compound:smixut	of the covenant
14	יְהוָ֔ה	יהוה	PROPN	_	13 בְּרִית־	compound:smixut	of Yahweh
15	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	16 עָבְר	case	when
16	עָבְר	עָבַר	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	21 נִכְרְת֖וּ	advcl	it
17	וֹ֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 עָבְר	nsubj	passed on
18	בַּ	בְּ	ADP	_	20 יַּרְדֵּ֔ן	case	in
19	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	20 יַּרְדֵּ֔ן	det	the
20	יַּרְדֵּ֔ן	יַרְדֵּן	PROPN	_	16 עָבְר	obl	Jordan
21	נִכְרְת֖וּ	כָּרַת	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Plur Person=3	6 נִכְרְת֜וּ	parataxis	they were cut off
22	מֵ֣י	מַיִם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	21 נִכְרְת֖וּ	nsubj	the waters
23	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	24 יַּרְדֵּ֑ן	det	of
24	יַּרְדֵּ֑ן	יַרְדֵּן	PROPN	_	22 מֵ֣י	compound:smixut	the Jordan
25	וְ֠	וְ	CCONJ	_	32 זִכָּר֛וֹן	cc	and
26	הָיוּ	הָיָה	AUX	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	32 זִכָּר֛וֹן	cop	they will become
27	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	28 אֲבָנִ֨ים	det	the
28	אֲבָנִ֨ים	אֶבֶן	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	32 זִכָּר֛וֹן	nsubj	stones
29	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	30 אֵ֧לֶּה	det	(the)
30	אֵ֧לֶּה	אֵלֶּה	DET	Gender=Com Number=Plur PronType=Dem	28 אֲבָנִ֨ים	det	these
31	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	32 זִכָּר֛וֹן	case	(into) a
32	זִכָּר֛וֹן	זִכָּרוֹן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	6 נִכְרְת֜וּ	conj	memorial
33	לִ	לְ	ADP	_	34 בְנֵ֥י	case	for
34	בְנֵ֥י	בֵּן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	32 זִכָּר֛וֹן	obl	the people
35	יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל	יִשְׂרָאֵל	PROPN	_	34 בְנֵ֥י	compound:smixut	of Israel
36	עַד־	עַד	ADP	_	37 עוֹלָֽם	case	until
37	עוֹלָֽם	עוֹלָם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	32 זִכָּר֛וֹן	obl	perpetuity
38	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	37 עוֹלָֽם	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
the frame alone: decl · assert · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
אֲמַרְתֶּם you will say	weqatal · qal
נִכְרְתוּ they were cut off	qatal · niphal		מֵימֵי the waters
עָבְר it	infinitive construct · qal	וֹ passed on
נִכְרְתוּ they were cut off	qatal · niphal		מֵי the waters
הָיוּ they will become	weqatal · qal	אֲבָנִים stones

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וְתֵימְרוּן לְהוֹן דִי פְּסַקוּ מֵי יַרְדְנָא מִן קֳדָם אֲרוֹן קְיָמָא דַייָ בְּמֶעְבְּרֵיהּ בְּיַרְדְנָא פְּסַקוּ מֵי יַרְדְנָא וִיהֶוְיָן אַבְנַיָא הָאִלֵין לְדָכְרָנָא לִבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל עַד עָלְמָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

then ye shall say unto them: Because the waters of the Jordan were cut off before the ark of the covenant of the LORD; when it passed over the Jordan, the waters of the Jordan were cut off; and these stones shall be for a memorial unto the children of Israel for ever.'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:JOS:65.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.4.7/