Joshua 4:8 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ

Who acts: children, Joshua, LORD · What happens: do, command, take up, speak, accord, carry over · To what, where: twelve stones, midst, stones, children · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Joshua 4:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — children, Joshua, LORD — and what happens in the verse to twelve stones, midst, stones, children, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיַּעֲשׂוּ־כֵ֣ן בְּנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֘לכַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוָּ֣ה יְהוֹשֻׁעַ֒ וַיִּשְׂא֡וּ שְׁתֵּֽי־עֶשְׂרֵ֨ה אֲבָנִ֜ים מִתּ֣וֹךְ הַיַּרְדֵּ֗ן כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר דִּבֶּ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ לְמִסְפַּ֖ר שִׁבְטֵ֣י בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיַּעֲבִר֤וּם עִמָּם֙ אֶל־הַמָּל֔וֹן וַיַּנִּח֖וּם שָֽׁם׃

And the children of Israel did so as Joshua commanded, and took up twelve stones out of the midst of the Jordan, as the LORD spoke unto Joshua, according to the number of the tribes of the children of Israel; and they carried them over with them unto the place where they lodged, and laid them down there.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יַּעֲשׂוּ־	cc	and
2	יַּעֲשׂוּ־	עָשָׂה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	root	root	they did
3	כֵ֣ן	כֵּן	ADV	_	2 יַּעֲשׂוּ־	advmod	thus
4	בְּנֵי־	בֵּן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	2 יַּעֲשׂוּ־	nsubj	the people
5	יִשְׂרָאֵ֘ל	יִשְׂרָאֵל	PROPN	_	4 בְּנֵי־	compound:smixut	of Israel
6	כַּ	כְּ	ADP	_	2 יַּעֲשׂוּ־	obl	just
7	אֲשֶׁ֣ר	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	8 צִוָּ֣ה	mark	as
8	צִוָּ֣ה	צָוָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=3	6 כַּ	acl:relcl	he had commanded
9	יְהוֹשֻׁעַ֒	יְהֹושֻׁעַ	PROPN	_	8 צִוָּ֣ה	nsubj	Joshua
10	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	11 יִּשְׂא֡וּ	cc	and
11	יִּשְׂא֡וּ	נָשָׂא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יַּעֲשׂוּ־	conj	they took up
12	שְׁתֵּֽי־	שְׁנַיִם	NUM	Gender=Fem Number=Dual	14 אֲבָנִ֜ים	nummod	two plus
13	עֶשְׂרֵ֨ה	עֶשְׂרֵה	NUM	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	12 שְׁתֵּֽי־	flat	ten
14	אֲבָנִ֜ים	אֶבֶן	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	11 יִּשְׂא֡וּ	obj	stones
15	מִ	מִן	ADP	_	16 תּ֣וֹךְ	case	from
16	תּ֣וֹךְ	תָּוֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	11 יִּשְׂא֡וּ	obl	the middle
17	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	18 יַּרְדֵּ֗ן	det	of
18	יַּרְדֵּ֗ן	יַרְדֵּן	PROPN	_	16 תּ֣וֹךְ	compound:smixut	the Jordan
19	כַּ	כְּ	ADP	_	11 יִּשְׂא֡וּ	obl	just
20	אֲשֶׁ֨ר	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	21 דִּבֶּ֤ר	mark	as
21	דִּבֶּ֤ר	דָבַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=3	19 כַּ	acl:relcl	he had said
22	יְהוָה֙	יהוה	PROPN	_	21 דִּבֶּ֤ר	nsubj	Yahweh
23	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	24 יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ	case	to
24	יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ	יְהֹושֻׁעַ	PROPN	_	21 דִּבֶּ֤ר	obl	Joshua
25	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	26 מִסְפַּ֖ר	case	to
26	מִסְפַּ֖ר	מִסְפָּר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	11 יִּשְׂא֡וּ	obl	the number
27	שִׁבְטֵ֣י	שֵׁבֶט	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	26 מִסְפַּ֖ר	compound:smixut	of the tribes
28	בְנֵֽי־	בֵּן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	27 שִׁבְטֵ֣י	compound:smixut	of the people
29	יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל	יִשְׂרָאֵל	PROPN	_	28 בְנֵֽי־	compound:smixut	of Israel
30	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	31 יַּעֲבִר֤וּ	cc	and
31	יַּעֲבִר֤וּ	עָבַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יַּעֲשׂוּ־	conj	they
32	ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	31 יַּעֲבִר֤וּ	obj	took them over
33	עִמּ	עִם	ADP	_	34 ָם֙	case	with
34	ָם֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	31 יַּעֲבִר֤וּ	obl	them
35	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	37 מָּל֔וֹן	case	to
36	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	37 מָּל֔וֹן	det	the lodging
37	מָּל֔וֹן	מָלוֹן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	31 יַּעֲבִר֤וּ	obl	place
38	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	39 יַּנִּח֖וּ	cc	and
39	יַּנִּח֖וּ	נוח	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יַּעֲשׂוּ־	conj	they
40	ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	39 יַּנִּח֖וּ	obj	set them down
41	שָֽׁם	שָׁם	ADV	_	39 יַּנִּח֖וּ	advmod	there
42	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	41 שָֽׁם	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	who makes it happen (AA)
יַּעֲשׂוּ־ they did	wayyiqtol · qal	בְּנֵי־ the people
צִוָּה he had commanded	qatal · piel	יְהוֹשֻׁעַ Joshua
יִּשְׂאוּ they took up	wayyiqtol · qal	בְּנֵי־ the people	אֲבָנִים stones
דִּבֶּר he had said	qatal · piel	יְהוָה Yahweh
יַּעֲבִרוּ they	wayyiqtol · hiphil	ם took them over		בְנֵֽי־ of the people
יַּנִּחוּ they	wayyiqtol · hiphil	ם set them down		בְנֵֽי־ of the people

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וַעֲבָדוּ כֵן בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל כְּמָא דִי פַּקֵד יְהוֹשֻׁעַ וּנְטַלוּ תַּרְתָּא עַשְׂרֵי אַבְנַיָא מִגוֹ יַרְדְנָא כְּמָא דְמַלֵיל יְיָ עִם יְהוֹשֻׁעַ לְמִנְיַן שִׁבְטַיָא דִבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְאַעַבְּרוּנוּן עִמְהוֹן לְבֵית מַבָּתָא וְאַצְנְעוּנוּן תַּמָן:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And the children of Israel did so as Joshua commanded, and took up twelve stones out of the midst of the Jordan, as the LORD spoke unto Joshua, according to the number of the tribes of the children of Israel; and they carried them over with them unto the place where they lodged, and laid them down there.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:JOS:66.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.4.8/