Joshua 5:13 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ

Who acts: manna, Joshua, man, thou · What happens: come, pass, be, lift up, look, stand · To what, where: eyes, sword, hand · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Joshua 5:13 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — manna, Joshua, man, thou — and what happens in the verse to eyes, sword, hand, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיְהִ֗י בִּֽהְי֣וֹת יְהוֹשֻׁעַ֮ בִּירִיחוֹ֒ וַיִּשָּׂ֤א עֵינָיו֙ וַיַּ֔רְא וְהִנֵּה־אִישׁ֙ עֹמֵ֣ד לְנֶגְדּ֔וֹ וְחַרְבּ֥וֹ שְׁלוּפָ֖ה בְּיָד֑וֹ וַיֵּ֨לֶךְ יְהוֹשֻׁ֤עַ אֵלָיו֙ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֔וֹ הֲלָ֥נוּ אַתָּ֖ה אִם־לְצָרֵֽינוּ׃

And it came to pass, when Joshua was by Jericho, that he lifted up his eyes and looked, and, behold, there stood a man over against him with his sword drawn in his hand; and Joshua went unto him, and said unto him: 'Art thou for us, or for our adversaries?'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יְהִ֗י	cc	and
2	יְהִ֗י	הָיָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	it was
3	בִּֽ	בְּ	ADP	_	7 ירִיחוֹ֒	case	when
4	הְי֣וֹת	הָיָה	AUX	HebBinyan=QAL	7 ירִיחוֹ֒	cop	was
5	יְהוֹשֻׁעַ֮	יְהֹושֻׁעַ	PROPN	_	7 ירִיחוֹ֒	nsubj	Joshua
6	בִּ	בְּ	ADP	_	7 ירִיחוֹ֒	case	at
7	ירִיחוֹ֒	יְרִיחֹו־יְרִחֹו	PROPN	_	2 יְהִ֗י	obl	Jericho
8	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	9 יִּשָּׂ֤א	cc	and
9	יִּשָּׂ֤א	נָשָׂא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יְהִ֗י	conj	he lifted up
10	עֵינָי	עַיִן	NOUN	Number=Dual	9 יִּשָּׂ֤א	obj	eyes
11	ו֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 עֵינָי	nmod:poss	his
12	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	13 יַּ֔רְא	cc	and
13	יַּ֔רְא	רָאָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	9 יִּשָּׂ֤א	conj	he saw
14	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	15 הִנֵּה־	cc	and
15	הִנֵּה־	הִנֵּה	INTJ	_	9 יִּשָּׂ֤א	conj	there!
16	אִישׁ֙	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	17 עֹמֵ֣ד	nsubj	a man
17	עֹמֵ֣ד	עָמַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	9 יִּשָּׂ֤א	parataxis	[was] standing
18	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	19 נֶגְדּ	case	to
19	נֶגְדּ	נֶגֶד	NOUN	_	17 עֹמֵ֣ד	obl	before
20	֔וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 נֶגְדּ	nmod:poss	him
21	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	24 שְׁלוּפָ֖ה	cc	and
22	חַרְבּ	חֶרֶב	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	24 שְׁלוּפָ֖ה	nsubj	sword
23	֥וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	22 חַרְבּ	nmod:poss	his
24	שְׁלוּפָ֖ה	שָׁלַף	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	17 עֹמֵ֣ד	conj	[was] drawn
25	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	26 יָד	case	in
26	יָד	יָד	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 שְׁלוּפָ֖ה	obl	hand
27	֑וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	26 יָד	nmod:poss	his
28	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	29 יֵּ֨לֶךְ	cc	and
29	יֵּ֨לֶךְ	הלך	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יְהִ֗י	conj	he went
30	יְהוֹשֻׁ֤עַ	יְהֹושֻׁעַ	PROPN	_	29 יֵּ֨לֶךְ	nsubj	Joshua
31	אֵלָי	אֶל	ADP	_	32 ו֙	case	to
32	ו֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	29 יֵּ֨לֶךְ	obl	him
33	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	34 יֹּ֣אמֶר	cc	and
34	יֹּ֣אמֶר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יְהִ֗י	conj	he said
35	ל	לְ	ADP	_	36 ֔וֹ	case	to
36	֔וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	34 יֹּ֣אמֶר	obl	him
37	הֲ	הֲ	PART	_	39 ָ֥נוּ	advmod	?
38	ל	לְ	ADP	_	39 ָ֥נוּ	case	for
39	ָ֥נוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	34 יֹּ֣אמֶר	ccomp	us
40	אַתָּ֖ה	אַתָּה	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	39 ָ֥נוּ	nsubj	[are] you
41	אִם־	אִם	SCONJ	_	43 צָרֵֽי	mark	or?
42	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	43 צָרֵֽי	case	for
43	צָרֵֽי	צַר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	39 ָ֥נוּ	parataxis	foes
44	נוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	43 צָרֵֽי	nmod:poss	our
45	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	44 נוּ	punct

Pragmatics

form: yes/no question
act: ask
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
הְיוֹת was	infinitive construct · qal	יְהוֹשֻׁעַ Joshua
יִּשָּׂא he lifted up	wayyiqtol · qal	יְהוֹשֻׁעַ Joshua	עֵינָי eyes
יַּרְא he saw	wayyiqtol · qal	יְהוֹשֻׁעַ Joshua
עֹמֵד [was] standing	participle active · qal	אִישׁ a man
שְׁלוּפָה [was] drawn	participle passive · qal		חַרְבּ sword
יֵּלֶךְ he went	wayyiqtol · qal	יְהוֹשֻׁעַ Joshua
יֹּאמֶר he said	wayyiqtol · qal	יְהוֹשֻׁעַ Joshua

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וַהֲוָה כַּד הֲוָה יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בִּירִיחוֹ וּזְקַף עֵינוֹהִי וַחֲזָא וְהָא גַבְרָא קָאִים לְקִבְלֵיהּ וְחַרְבֵּיהּ שְׁלִיפָא בִּידֵיהּ וַאֲזַל יְהוֹשֻׁעַ לְוָתֵיהּ וַאֲמַר לֵיהּ הַלְמִסְעַדָנָא אַתֵיתָא אִם לְבַעֲלֵי דְבָבָנָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And it came to pass, when Joshua was by Jericho, that he lifted up his eyes and looked, and, behold, there stood a man over against him with his sword drawn in his hand; and Joshua went unto him, and said unto him: 'Art thou for us, or for our adversaries?'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:JOS:95.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.5.13/