Joshua 7:2 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ

Who acts: Joshua, Ai, men · What happens: send, be, speak, say, go up, spy out · To what, where: men, Ai, Jericho, Beth aven, land · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Joshua 7:2 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Joshua, Ai, men — and what happens in the verse to men, Ai, Jericho, Beth aven, land, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיִּשְׁלַח֩ יְהוֹשֻׁ֨עַ אֲנָשִׁ֜ים מִֽירִיח֗וֹ הָעַ֞י אֲשֶׁ֨ר עִם־בֵּ֥ית אָ֙וֶן֙ בֵּ֥ית אָ֙וֶן֙ מִקֶּ֣דֶם לְבֵֽית־אֵ֔לבֵֽית־אֵ֔ל וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶם֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר עֲל֖וּ וְרַגְּל֣וּ אֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ וַֽיַּעֲלוּ֙ הָאֲנָשִׁ֔ים וַֽיְרַגְּל֖וּ אֶת־הָעָֽי׃

And Joshua sent men from Jericho to Ai, which is beside Beth-aven, on the east side of Beth-el, and spoke unto them, saying: 'Go up and spy out the land.' And the men went up and spied out Ai.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יִּשְׁלַח֩	cc	and
2	יִּשְׁלַח֩	שָׁלַח	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he sent
3	יְהוֹשֻׁ֨עַ	יְהֹושֻׁעַ	PROPN	_	2 יִּשְׁלַח֩	nsubj	Joshua
4	אֲנָשִׁ֜ים	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	2 יִּשְׁלַח֩	obj	men
5	מִֽ	מִן	ADP	_	6 ירִיח֗וֹ	case	from
6	ירִיח֗וֹ	יְרִיחֹו־יְרִחֹו	PROPN	_	2 יִּשְׁלַח֩	obl	Jericho
7	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	8 עַ֞י	det	(the)
8	עַ֞י	עַי	PROPN	_	2 יִּשְׁלַח֩	obl	Ai
9	אֲשֶׁ֨ר	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	11 בֵּ֥ית	mark	which
10	עִם־	עִם	ADP	_	11 בֵּ֥ית	case	[is] beside
11	בֵּ֥ית	בֵּית	PROPN	_	8 עַ֞י	acl:relcl	Beth
12	אָ֙וֶן֙	אָוֶן	PROPN	_	11 בֵּ֥ית	flat:name
13	בֵּ֥ית	בֵּית	PROPN	_	11 בֵּ֥ית	nmod	Aven
14	אָ֙וֶן֙	אָוֶן	PROPN	_	13 בֵּ֥ית	flat:name
15	מִ	מִן	ADP	_	16 קֶּ֣דֶם	case	from [the]
16	קֶּ֣דֶם	קֶדֶם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	11 בֵּ֥ית	conj	east
17	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	18 בֵֽית־אֵ֔ל	case	of
18	בֵֽית־אֵ֔ל	בֵּית־אֵל	PROPN	_	16 קֶּ֣דֶם	nmod	Bethel
19	בֵֽית־אֵ֔ל	בֵּיתְאֵל	PROPN	_	18 בֵֽית־אֵ֔ל	nmod	Bethel
20	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	21 יֹּ֤אמֶר	cc	and
21	יֹּ֤אמֶר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יִּשְׁלַח֩	conj	he said
22	אֲלֵי	אֶל	ADP	_	23 הֶם֙	case	to
23	הֶם֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	21 יֹּ֤אמֶר	obl	them
24	לֵ	לְ	ADP	ExtPos=SCONJ	26 עֲל֖וּ	mark	(cmp)
25	אמֹ֔ר	אָמַר	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	24 לֵ	fixed
26	עֲל֖וּ	עָלָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=2	21 יֹּ֤אמֶר	ccomp	go up
27	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	28 רַגְּל֣וּ	cc	and
28	רַגְּל֣וּ	רָגַל	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Plur Person=2	26 עֲל֖וּ	conj	spy out
29	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	31 אָ֑רֶץ	case	(et)
30	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	31 אָ֑רֶץ	det	the
31	אָ֑רֶץ	אֶרֶץ	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 רַגְּל֣וּ	obj	land
32	וַֽ	וְ	CCONJ	_	33 יַּעֲלוּ֙	cc	and
33	יַּעֲלוּ֙	עָלָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יִּשְׁלַח֩	conj	they went up
34	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	35 אֲנָשִׁ֔ים	det	the
35	אֲנָשִׁ֔ים	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	33 יַּעֲלוּ֙	nsubj	men
36	וַֽ	וְ	CCONJ	_	37 יְרַגְּל֖וּ	cc	and
37	יְרַגְּל֖וּ	רָגַל	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יִּשְׁלַח֩	conj	they spied out
38	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	40 עָֽי	case	(et)
39	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	40 עָֽי	det	(the)
40	עָֽי	עַי	PROPN	_	37 יְרַגְּל֖וּ	obj	Ai
41	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	40 עָֽי	punct

Pragmatics

form: command
act: request
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יִּשְׁלַח he sent	wayyiqtol · qal	יְהוֹשֻׁעַ Joshua	אֲנָשִׁים men
יֹּאמֶר he said	wayyiqtol · qal	יְהוֹשֻׁעַ Joshua
אמֹר	infinitive construct · qal	יְהוֹשֻׁעַ Joshua
עֲלוּ go up	imperative · qal	אֲנָשִׁים men
רַגְּלוּ spy out	imperative · piel	אֲנָשִׁים men	רַגְּלוּ spy out
יַּעֲלוּ they went up	wayyiqtol · qal	אָרֶץ land
יְרַגְּלוּ they spied out	wayyiqtol · piel	אָרֶץ land	יְרַגְּלוּ they spied out

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וּשְׁלַח יְהוֹשֻׁעַ גֻבְרִין מִירִיחוֹ לְעַי דְעִם בֵּית אָוֶן מִמַדְנַח לְבֵית אֵל וַאֲמַר לְהוֹן לְמֵימַר סַקוּ וְאַלִילוּ יַת אַרְעָא וּסְלִיקוּ גַבְרַיָא וְאַלִילוּ יַת עָי:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And Joshua sent men from Jericho to Ai, which is beside Beth-aven, on the east side of Beth-el, and spoke unto them, saying: 'Go up and spy out the land.' And the men went up and spied out Ai.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:JOS:126.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.7.2/