Joshua 7:3 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ

Who acts: men, people, thousand men · What happens: return, say, not let, go up, let, smite · To what, where: Joshua, people, thousand men, Ai · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Joshua 7:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — men, people, thousand men — and what happens in the verse to Joshua, people, thousand men, Ai, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיָּשֻׁ֣בוּ אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֗עַ וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ אֵלָיו֮ אַל־יַ֣עַל כָּל־הָעָם֒ כְּאַלְפַּ֣יִם אִ֗ישׁ א֚וֹ כִּשְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת אֲלָפִ֣ים אִ֔ישׁ יַעֲל֖וּ וְיַכּ֣וּ אֶת־הָעָ֑י אַל־תְּיַגַּע־שָׁ֙מָּה֙ אֶת־כָּל־הָעָ֔ם כִּ֥י מְעַ֖ט הֵֽמָּה׃

And they returned to Joshua, and said unto him: 'Let not all the people go up; but let about two or three thousand men go up and smite Ai; make not all the people to toil thither; for they are but few.'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יָּשֻׁ֣בוּ	cc	and
2	יָּשֻׁ֣בוּ	שׁוּב	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	root	root	they returned
3	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	4 יְהוֹשֻׁ֗עַ	case	to
4	יְהוֹשֻׁ֗עַ	יְהֹושֻׁעַ	PROPN	_	2 יָּשֻׁ֣בוּ	obl	Joshua
5	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	6 יֹּאמְר֣וּ	cc	and
6	יֹּאמְר֣וּ	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יָּשֻׁ֣בוּ	conj	they said
7	אֵלָי	אֶל	ADP	_	8 ו֮	case	to
8	ו֮	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 יֹּאמְר֣וּ	obl	him
9	אַל־	אַל	ADV	_	10 יַ֣עַל	advmod	not
10	יַ֣עַל	עָלָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	6 יֹּאמְר֣וּ	ccomp	let it go up
11	כָּל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	10 יַ֣עַל	nsubj	all
12	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	13 עָם֒	det	the
13	עָם֒	עַם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	11 כָּל־	compound:smixut	people
14	כְּ	כְּ	ADP	_	16 אִ֗ישׁ	case	about
15	אַלְפַּ֣יִם	אֶלֶף	NUM	Number=Plur	16 אִ֗ישׁ	nummod	two thousand
16	אִ֗ישׁ	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	22 יַעֲל֖וּ	nsubj	man
17	א֚וֹ	אוֹ	CCONJ	_	21 אִ֔ישׁ	cc	or
18	כִּ	כְּ	ADP	_	21 אִ֔ישׁ	case	about
19	שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת	שָׁלֹשׁ	NUM	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	21 אִ֔ישׁ	nummod	three
20	אֲלָפִ֣ים	אֶלֶף	NUM	Number=Plur	19 שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת	flat	thousand(s)
21	אִ֔ישׁ	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	16 אִ֗ישׁ	conj	man
22	יַעֲל֖וּ	עָלָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	10 יַ֣עַל	parataxis	let them go up
23	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	24 יַכּ֣וּ	cc	and
24	יַכּ֣וּ	נָכָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Plur Person=3	10 יַ֣עַל	conj	let them attack
25	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	27 עָ֑י	case	(et)
26	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	27 עָ֑י	det	(the)
27	עָ֑י	עַי	PROPN	_	24 יַכּ֣וּ	obj	Ai
28	אַל־	אַל	ADV	_	29 תְּיַגַּע־	advmod	do not
29	תְּיַגַּע־	יָגֵעַ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=2	10 יַ֣עַל	parataxis	make go wearily
30	שָׁ֙מּ	שָׁם	ADV	_	29 תְּיַגַּע־	advmod	to
31	ָה֙	ה	X	_	30 שָׁ֙מּ	nmod	(to)
32	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	33 כָּל־	case	(et)
33	כָּל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	29 תְּיַגַּע־	obj	all
34	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	35 עָ֔ם	det	the
35	עָ֔ם	עַם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	33 כָּל־	compound:smixut	people
36	כִּ֥י	כִּי	SCONJ	_	37 מְעַ֖ט	mark	(dm)
37	מְעַ֖ט	מְעַט	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	10 יַ֣עַל	advcl	[are] few
38	הֵֽמָּה	הֵמָּה	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	37 מְעַ֖ט	nsubj	they
39	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	38 הֵֽמָּה	punct

Pragmatics

form: command
act: request
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: yes
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	who makes it happen (AA)
יָּשֻׁבוּ they returned	wayyiqtol · qal
יֹּאמְרוּ they said	wayyiqtol · qal
not יַעַל let it go up	jussive · qal	עָם people
יַעֲלוּ let them go up	jussive · qal	אִישׁ man + אִישׁ man
יַכּוּ let them attack	jussive · hiphil	עָי Ai		אִישׁ man + אִישׁ man
not תְּיַגַּע־ make go wearily	jussive · piel	יְהוֹשֻׁעַ Joshua	עָם people

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וְתָבוּ לְוַת יְהוֹשֻׁעַ וַאֲמַרוּ לֵיהּ לָא יִסַק כָּל עַמָא כִּתְרֵין אַלְפִין גַבְרָא אוֹ כִּתְלָתָא אַלְפִין גַבְרָא יִסְקוּן וְיִמְחוּן יַת עָי לָא תַרְגִישׁ לְתַמָן יַת כָּל עַמָא אֲרֵי זְעִירִין אִינוּן:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And they returned to Joshua, and said unto him: 'Let not all the people go up; but let about two or three thousand men go up and smite Ai; make not all the people to toil thither; for they are but few.'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:JOS:127.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.7.3/