Joshua 7:8 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ

Who acts: I, Israel · What happens: say, turn · To what, where: backs · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Joshua 7:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, Israel — and what happens in the verse to backs, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

בִּ֖י אֲדֹנָ֑י מָ֣ה אֹמַ֔ר אַ֠חֲרֵי אֲשֶׁ֨ר הָפַ֧ךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל עֹ֖רֶף לִפְנֵ֥י אֹיְבָֽיו׃

Oh, Lord, what shall I say, after that Israel hath turned their backs before their enemies!

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	בִּ֖י	בִּי	INTJ	_	5 אֹמַ֔ר	discourse	pardon me
2	אֲדֹנ	אֲדֹנָי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	5 אֹמַ֔ר	dislocated	Lord
3	ָ֑י	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 אֲדֹנ	nmod:poss	my
4	מָ֣ה	מָה	PRON	PronType=Int	5 אֹמַ֔ר	obj	what?
5	אֹמַ֔ר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1	root	root	will I say
6	אַ֠חֲרֵי	אַחַר	ADP	_	5 אֹמַ֔ר	obl	after
7	אֲשֶׁ֨ר	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	8 הָפַ֧ךְ	mark	that
8	הָפַ֧ךְ	הָפַךְ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	6 אַ֠חֲרֵי	acl:relcl	it has turned
9	יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל	יִשְׂרָאֵל	PROPN	_	8 הָפַ֧ךְ	nsubj	Israel
10	עֹ֖רֶף	עֹרֶף	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	8 הָפַ֧ךְ	obj	a neck
11	לִ	לְ	ADP	_	12 פְנֵ֥י	case	before
12	פְנֵ֥י	פָּנֶה	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 הָפַ֧ךְ	obl
13	אֹיְבָֽי	אָיַב	NOUN	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur	12 פְנֵ֥י	compound:smixut	enemies
14	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 אֹיְבָֽי	nmod:poss	its
15	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	14 ו	punct

Pragmatics

form: wh-question
act: ask
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	to whom, further (A2)	who makes it happen (AA)
אֹמַר will I say	yiqtol · qal		מָה what?
הָפַךְ it has turned	qatal · qal	יִשְׂרָאֵל Israel	עֹרֶף a neck

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

בְּבָעוּ אֲדֹנָי מָה אֵימַר בָּתַר דְאַחֲזָרוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל קְדַלְהוֹן לְמֶהְפַךְ קֳדָם בַּעֲלֵי דְבָבֵיהוֹן:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Oh, Lord, what shall I say, after that Israel hath turned their backs before their enemies!

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:JOS:132.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.7.8/