Joshua 8:26 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ

Who acts: Joshua · What happens: not draw back, stretch out, destroy · To what, where: hand, javelin, inhabitants

This is Joshua 8:26 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Joshua — and what happens in the verse to hand, javelin, inhabitants, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וִיהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ לֹֽא־הֵשִׁ֣יב יָד֔וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָטָ֖ה בַּכִּיד֑וֹן עַ֚ד אֲשֶׁ֣ר הֶחֱרִ֔ים אֵ֖ת כָּל־יֹשְׁבֵ֥י הָעָֽי׃

For Joshua drew not back his hand, wherewith he stretched out the javelin, until he had utterly destroyed all the inhabitants of Ai.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וִ	וְ	CCONJ	_	4 הֵשִׁ֣יב	cc	and
2	יהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙	יְהֹושֻׁעַ	PROPN	_	4 הֵשִׁ֣יב	nsubj	Joshua
3	לֹֽא־	לֹא	ADV	_	4 הֵשִׁ֣יב	advmod	not
4	הֵשִׁ֣יב	שׁוּב	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he drew back
5	יָד	יָד	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 הֵשִׁ֣יב	obj	hand
6	֔וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 יָד	nmod:poss	his
7	אֲשֶׁ֥ר	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	8 נָטָ֖ה	mark	which
8	נָטָ֖ה	נָטָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	5 יָד	acl:relcl	he had stretched out
9	בַּ	בְּ	ADP	_	11 כִּיד֑וֹן	case	with
10	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	11 כִּיד֑וֹן	det	the
11	כִּיד֑וֹן	כִּידוֹן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	8 נָטָ֖ה	obl	javelin
12	עַ֚ד	עַד	ADP	_	4 הֵשִׁ֣יב	parataxis	until
13	אֲשֶׁ֣ר	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	14 הֶחֱרִ֔ים	mark	that
14	הֶחֱרִ֔ים	חָרַם	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	12 עַ֚ד	parataxis	he had totally destroyed
15	אֵ֖ת	אֵת	ADP	_	16 כָּל־	case	(et)
16	כָּל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	14 הֶחֱרִ֔ים	obj	all
17	יֹשְׁבֵ֥י	יָשַׁב	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur	16 כָּל־	compound:smixut	the inhabitants
18	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	19 עָֽי	det	of (the)
19	עָֽי	עַי	PROPN	_	17 יֹשְׁבֵ֥י	compound:smixut	Ai
20	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	19 עָֽי	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: yes

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	who makes it happen (AA)
not הֵשִׁיב he drew back	qatal · hiphil	יָד hand		יהוֹשֻׁעַ Joshua
נָטָה he had stretched out	qatal · qal	יהוֹשֻׁעַ Joshua	יָד hand
הֶחֱרִים he had totally destroyed	qatal · hiphil	יֹשְׁבֵי the inhabitants		יהוֹשֻׁעַ Joshua

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וִיהוֹשֻׁעַ לָא אָתֵיב יְדֵיהּ דַאֲרִים בְּרוּמְחָא עַד דְגַמַר יַת כָּל יַתְבֵי עָי:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

For Joshua drew not back his hand, wherewith he stretched out the javelin, until he had utterly destroyed all the inhabitants of Ai.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:JOS:176.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.8.26/