Joshua 8:3 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ

Who acts: Joshua · What happens: arise, go up, choose out, send · To what, where: Ai, thousand men, men

This is Joshua 8:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Joshua — and what happens in the verse to Ai, thousand men, men, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיָּ֧קָם יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ וְכָל־עַ֥ם הַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה לַעֲל֣וֹת הָעָ֑י וַיִּבְחַ֣ר יְ֠הוֹשֻׁעַ שְׁלֹשִׁ֨ים אֶ֤לֶף אִישׁ֙ גִּבּוֹרֵ֣י הַחַ֔יִל וַיִּשְׁלָחֵ֖ם לָֽיְלָה׃

So Joshua arose, and all the people of war, to go up to Ai; and Joshua chose out thirty thousand men, the mighty men of valour, and sent them forth by night.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יָּ֧קָם	cc	and
2	יָּ֧קָם	קוּם	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he arose
3	יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ	יְהֹושֻׁעַ	PROPN	_	2 יָּ֧קָם	nsubj	Joshua
4	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	5 כָל־	cc	and
5	כָל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	3 יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ	conj	all
6	עַ֥ם	עַם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	5 כָל־	compound:smixut	the people
7	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	8 מִּלְחָמָ֖ה	det	of (the)
8	מִּלְחָמָ֖ה	מִלְחָמָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	6 עַ֥ם	compound:smixut	war
9	לַ	לְ	ADP	_	10 עֲל֣וֹת	case	to
10	עֲל֣וֹת	עָלָה	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	2 יָּ֧קָם	advcl	go up
11	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	12 עָ֑י	det	(the)
12	עָ֑י	עַי	PROPN	_	10 עֲל֣וֹת	obl	Ai
13	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	14 יִּבְחַ֣ר	cc	and
14	יִּבְחַ֣ר	בָּחַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יָּ֧קָם	conj	he chose
15	יְ֠הוֹשֻׁעַ	יְהֹושֻׁעַ	PROPN	_	14 יִּבְחַ֣ר	nsubj	Joshua
16	שְׁלֹשִׁ֨ים	שָׁלֹשׁ	NUM	Number=Plur	18 אִישׁ֙	nummod	thirty
17	אֶ֤לֶף	אֶלֶף	NUM	Number=Sing	16 שְׁלֹשִׁ֨ים	flat	thousand
18	אִישׁ֙	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	14 יִּבְחַ֣ר	obj	man
19	גִּבּוֹרֵ֣י	גִּבּוֹר	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	18 אִישׁ֙	appos	the mighty [men]
20	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	21 חַ֔יִל	det	of (the)
21	חַ֔יִל	חַיִל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	19 גִּבּוֹרֵ֣י	compound:smixut	strength
22	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	23 יִּשְׁלָח	cc	and
23	יִּשְׁלָח	שָׁלַח	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יָּ֧קָם	conj	he
24	ֵ֖ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	23 יִּשְׁלָח	obj	sent them out
25	לָֽיְלָה	לַיְלָה	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	23 יִּשְׁלָח	obl	night
26	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	25 לָֽיְלָה	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יָּקָם he arose	wayyiqtol · qal	יְהוֹשֻׁעַ Joshua + עַם the people
עֲלוֹת go up	infinitive construct · qal	יְהוֹשֻׁעַ Joshua + עַם the people
יִּבְחַר he chose	wayyiqtol · qal	יְהוֹשֻׁעַ Joshua	אִישׁ man
יִּשְׁלָח he	wayyiqtol · qal	יְהוֹשֻׁעַ Joshua	ֵם sent them out

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וְקָם יְהוֹשֻׁעַ וְכָל עַמָא עָבְדֵי קְרָבָא לְמִיסַק לְעָי וּבְחַר יְהוֹשֻׁעַ תְּלָתִין אַלְפִין גַבְרָא גִבָּרֵי חֵילָא וְשַׁלְחִינוּן בְּלֵילְיָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

So Joshua arose, and all the people of war, to go up to Ai; and Joshua chose out thirty thousand men, the mighty men of valour, and sent them forth by night.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:JOS:153.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.8.3/