Joshua 8:4 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ

Who acts: Joshua, ye · What happens: command, say, lie, not go, be · To what, where: men, ambush · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Joshua 8:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Joshua, ye — and what happens in the verse to men, ambush, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיְצַ֨ו אֹתָ֜ם לֵאמֹ֗ר רְ֠אוּ אַתֶּ֞ם אֹרְבִ֤ים לָעִיר֙ מֵאַחֲרֵ֣י הָעִ֔יר אַל־תַּרְחִ֥יקוּ מִן־הָעִ֖יר מְאֹ֑ד וִהְיִיתֶ֥ם כֻּלְּכֶ֖ם נְכֹנִֽים׃

And he commanded them, saying: 'Behold, ye shall lie in ambush against the city, behind the city; go not very far from the city, but be ye all ready.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יְצַ֨ו	cc	and
2	יְצַ֨ו	צָוָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he commanded
3	אֹת	אֵת	ADP	_	4 ָ֜ם	case
4	ָ֜ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 יְצַ֨ו	obj	them
5	לֵ	לְ	ADP	ExtPos=SCONJ	7 רְ֠אוּ	mark	(cmp)
6	אמֹ֗ר	אָמַר	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	5 לֵ	fixed
7	רְ֠אוּ	רָאָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=2	2 יְצַ֨ו	ccomp	see
8	אַתֶּ֞ם	אַתֶּם	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs	9 אֹרְבִ֤ים	nsubj	you
9	אֹרְבִ֤ים	אָרַב	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur	7 רְ֠אוּ	parataxis	[are] lying in wait
10	לָ	לְ	ADP	_	12 עִיר֙	case	for
11	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	12 עִיר֙	det	the
12	עִיר֙	עִיר	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	9 אֹרְבִ֤ים	obl	city
13	מֵ	מִן	ADP	_	16 עִ֔יר	case	(from)
14	אַחֲרֵ֣י	אַחַר	ADP	_	16 עִ֔יר	case	behind
15	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	16 עִ֔יר	det	the
16	עִ֔יר	עִיר	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	9 אֹרְבִ֤ים	obl	city
17	אַל־	אַל	ADV	_	18 תַּרְחִ֥יקוּ	advmod	do not
18	תַּרְחִ֥יקוּ	רָחַק	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Plur Person=2	7 רְ֠אוּ	parataxis	go far away
19	מִן־	מִן	ADP	_	21 עִ֖יר	case	from
20	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	21 עִ֖יר	det	the
21	עִ֖יר	עִיר	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	18 תַּרְחִ֥יקוּ	obl	city
22	מְאֹ֑ד	מְאֹד	ADV	_	18 תַּרְחִ֥יקוּ	advmod	very
23	וִ	וְ	CCONJ	_	27 נְכֹנִֽים	cc	and
24	הְיִיתֶ֥ם	הָיָה	AUX	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=2	27 נְכֹנִֽים	cop	you will be
25	כֻּלּ	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	27 נְכֹנִֽים	nsubj	of you
26	ְכֶ֖ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs	25 כֻּלּ	nmod:poss	all
27	נְכֹנִֽים	כּוּן	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Plur	7 רְ֠אוּ	conj	prepared
28	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	27 נְכֹנִֽים	punct

Pragmatics

form: command
act: request
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: yes
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יְצַו he commanded	wayyiqtol · piel		ָם them
אמֹר	infinitive construct · qal
רְאוּ see	imperative · qal
אֹרְבִים [are] lying in wait	participle active · qal	אַתֶּם you
not תַּרְחִיקוּ go far away	jussive · hiphil
הְיִיתֶם you will be	weqatal · qal	ְכֶם all
נְכֹנִֽים prepared	participle active · niphal

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וּפַקֵיד יַתְהוֹן לְמֵימָר חֲזוּ דְאַתּוּן כָּמְנִין לְקַרְתָּא מֵאֲחוֹרֵי קַרְתָּא לָא תַרְחִיקוּן מִן קַרְתָּא לַחֲדָא וּתְהוֹן כּוּלְכוֹן מְתַקְנַיָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And he commanded them, saying: 'Behold, ye shall lie in ambush against the city, behind the city; go not very far from the city, but be ye all ready.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:JOS:154.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.8.4/