Joshua 8:4 · JPS 1917
And he commanded them, saying: 'Behold, ye shall lie in ambush against the city, behind the city; go not very far from the city, but be ye all ready.
Who acts: Joshua, ye · What happens: command, say, lie, not go, be · To what, where: men, ambush · Speech: someone speaks here
This is Joshua 8:4 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Joshua, ye), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 3 commanded | cc |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 commanded | nsubj |
| 3 | commanded | command | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 commanded | obj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 saying | punct |
| 6 | saying | say | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 commanded | advcl |
| 7 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 13 lie | punct |
| 8 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 13 lie | punct |
| 9 | Behold | behold | INTJ | _ | 13 lie | discourse |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 Behold | punct |
| 11 | ye | ye | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 13 lie | nsubj |
| 12 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 13 lie | aux |
| 13 | lie | lie | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 saying | ccomp |
| 14 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 ambush | case |
| 15 | ambush | ambush | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 lie | obl |
| 16 | against | against | ADP | _ | 18 city | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 city | det |
| 18 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 lie | obl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 city | punct |
| 20 | behind | behind | ADP | _ | 22 city | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 city | det |
| 22 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 lie | obl |
| 23 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 24 go | punct |
| 24 | go | go | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 13 lie | conj |
| 25 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 24 go | advmod |
| 26 | very | very | ADV | _ | 27 far | advmod |
| 27 | far | far | ADV | Degree=Pos | 24 go | advmod |
| 28 | from | from | ADP | _ | 30 city | case |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 city | det |
| 30 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 far | obl |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 ready | punct |
| 32 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 36 ready | cc |
| 33 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 36 ready | cop |
| 34 | ye | ye | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 36 ready | nsubj |
| 35 | all | all | ADV | _ | 36 ready | advmod |
| 36 | ready | ready | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 go | conj |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 commanded | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- command
- act
- request
- voice
- character
- polarity
- neg
- teacher
- changed act=request, form=imp
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | command | past | Joshua | men = man | vn supervision-95.2.2-1 «NP V NP.predicate»: agent=Agent they=Eventuality | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | gerund | Joshua not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | lie | shall | ye | ambush | against the city; behind the city | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in ambush=Location | |||
| 4 | not go | infinitive | ye not said here | far property | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | is | infinitive | ye | all, ready property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וַיְצַ֨ו אֹתָ֜ם לֵאמֹ֗ר רְ֠אוּ אַתֶּ֞ם אֹרְבִ֤ים לָעִיר֙ מֵאַחֲרֵ֣י הָעִ֔יר אַל־תַּרְחִ֥יקוּ מִן־הָעִ֖יר מְאֹ֑ד וִהְיִיתֶ֥ם כֻּלְּכֶ֖ם נְכֹנִֽים׃
Joshua 8:4: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:JOS:159 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.159/