Joshua 9:12 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ

Who acts: we, provision, our · What happens: take, come, go, be, provide · To what, where: bread, houses, day, crumbs

This is Joshua 9:12 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — we, provision, our — and what happens in the verse to bread, houses, day, crumbs, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

זֶ֣ה ׀ לַחְמֵ֗נוּ חָ֞ם הִצְטַיַּ֤דְנוּ אֹתוֹ֙ מִבָּ֣תֵּ֔ינוּ בְּי֥וֹם צֵאתֵ֖נוּ לָלֶ֣כֶת אֲלֵיכֶ֑ם וְעַתָּה֙ הִנֵּ֣ה יָבֵ֔שׁ וְהָיָ֖ה נִקֻּדִֽים׃

This our bread we took hot for our provision out of our houses on the day we came forth to go unto you; but now, behold, it is dry, and is become crumbs.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	זֶ֣ה	זֶה	DET	Gender=Masc Number=Sing PronType=Dem	3 לַחְמ	det	this
2	׀	׀	PUNCT	_	1 זֶ֣ה	punct
3	לַחְמ	לֶחֶם	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 חָ֞ם	nsubj	bread
4	ֵ֗נוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	3 לַחְמ	nmod:poss	[is] our
5	חָ֞ם	חָם	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	root	root	hot
6	הִצְטַיַּ֤דְנוּ	ציד	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=HITHPAEL Number=Plur Person=1	5 חָ֞ם	parataxis	we took as our provisions
7	אֹת	אֵת	ADP	_	8 וֹ֙	case
8	וֹ֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 הִצְטַיַּ֤דְנוּ	obj	it
9	מִ	מִן	ADP	_	10 בָּ֣תֵּ֔י	case	from
10	בָּ֣תֵּ֔י	בַּיִת	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	6 הִצְטַיַּ֤דְנוּ	obl	homes
11	נוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	10 בָּ֣תֵּ֔י	nmod:poss	our
12	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	13 י֥וֹם	case	on
13	י֥וֹם	יוֹם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	6 הִצְטַיַּ֤דְנוּ	obl	the day
14	צֵאת	יָצָא	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	13 י֥וֹם	acl	we
15	ֵ֖נוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	14 צֵאת	nsubj	came out
16	לָ	לְ	ADP	_	17 לֶ֣כֶת	case	to
17	לֶ֣כֶת	הלך	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	14 צֵאת	advcl	come
18	אֲלֵי	אֶל	ADP	_	19 כֶ֑ם	case	to
19	כֶ֑ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	17 לֶ֣כֶת	obl	you
20	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	21 עַתָּה֙	cc	and
21	עַתָּה֙	עַתָּה	ADV	_	5 חָ֞ם	advmod	now
22	הִנֵּ֣ה	הִנֵּה	INTJ	_	23 יָבֵ֔שׁ	discourse	here!
23	יָבֵ֔שׁ	יָבֵשׁ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	5 חָ֞ם	parataxis	it has dried up
24	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	26 נִקֻּדִֽים	cc	and
25	הָיָ֖ה	הָיָה	AUX	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	26 נִקֻּדִֽים	cop	it has been
26	נִקֻּדִֽים	נִקֻּדִים	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	23 יָבֵ֔שׁ	conj	crumbs
27	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	26 נִקֻּדִֽים	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
הִצְטַיַּדְנוּ we took as our provisions	qatal · hithpael		וֹ it
צֵאת we	infinitive construct · qal	ֵנוּ came out
לֶכֶת come	infinitive construct · qal
יָבֵשׁ it has dried up	qatal · qal	לַחְמ bread
הָיָה it has been	qatal · qal	לַחְמ bread

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

דֵין לַחְמָנָא כַּד חַמִים אִזְדְוָדְנָא יָתֵיהּ מִבָּתָּנָא בְּיוֹם מִפְקָנָא לְמֵיתֵי לְוַתְכוֹן וּכְעַן הָא יָבֵשׁ וַהֲוָה כִסְנִין:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

This our bread we took hot for our provision out of our houses on the day we came forth to go unto you; but now, behold, it is dry, and is become crumbs.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:JOS:197.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.9.12/