Joshua 9:18 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ

Who acts: children, princes, congregation · What happens: not smite, swear, murmur · To what, where: cities

This is Joshua 9:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — children, princes, congregation — and what happens in the verse to cities, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וְלֹ֤א הִכּוּם֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כִּֽי־נִשְׁבְּע֤וּ לָהֶם֙ נְשִׂיאֵ֣י הָֽעֵדָ֔ה בַּֽיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיִּלֹּ֥נוּ כָל־הָעֵדָ֖ה עַל־הַנְּשִׂיאִֽים׃

And the children of Israel smote them not, because the princes of the congregation had sworn unto them by the LORD, the God of Israel. And all the congregation murmured against the princes.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	3 הִכּוּ	cc	and
2	לֹ֤א	לֹא	ADV	_	3 הִכּוּ	advmod	not
3	הִכּוּ	נָכָה	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Plur Person=3	root	root	they
4	ם֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 הִכּוּ	obj	attacked them
5	בְּנֵ֣י	בֵּן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	3 הִכּוּ	nsubj	the people
6	יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל	יִשְׂרָאֵל	PROPN	_	5 בְּנֵ֣י	compound:smixut	of Israel
7	כִּֽי־	כִּי	SCONJ	_	8 נִשְׁבְּע֤וּ	mark	(dm)
8	נִשְׁבְּע֤וּ	שָׁבַע	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Plur Person=3	3 הִכּוּ	advcl	they had sworn an oath
9	ל	לְ	ADP	_	10 ָהֶם֙	case	to
10	ָהֶם֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 נִשְׁבְּע֤וּ	obl	them
11	נְשִׂיאֵ֣י	נָשִׂיא	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	8 נִשְׁבְּע֤וּ	nsubj	the leaders
12	הָֽ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	13 עֵדָ֔ה	det	of
13	עֵדָ֔ה	עֵדָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	11 נְשִׂיאֵ֣י	compound:smixut	the congregation
14	בַּֽ	בְּ	ADP	_	15 יהוָ֖ה	case	by
15	יהוָ֖ה	יהוה	PROPN	_	8 נִשְׁבְּע֤וּ	obl	Yahweh
16	אֱלֹהֵ֣י	אֱלֹהִים	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	15 יהוָ֖ה	appos	the God
17	יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל	יִשְׂרָאֵל	PROPN	_	16 אֱלֹהֵ֣י	compound:smixut	of Israel
18	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	19 יִּלֹּ֥נוּ	cc	and
19	יִּלֹּ֥נוּ	לוּן	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Plur Person=3	3 הִכּוּ	conj	they grumbled
20	כָל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	19 יִּלֹּ֥נוּ	nsubj	all
21	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	22 עֵדָ֖ה	det	the
22	עֵדָ֖ה	עֵדָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	20 כָל־	compound:smixut	congregation
23	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	25 נְּשִׂיאִֽים	case	on
24	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	25 נְּשִׂיאִֽים	det	the
25	נְּשִׂיאִֽים	נָשִׂיא	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	19 יִּלֹּ֥נוּ	obl	leaders
26	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	25 נְּשִׂיאִֽים	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: yes

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	who makes it happen (AA)
not הִכּוּ they	qatal · hiphil	ם attacked them	בְּנֵי the people
נִשְׁבְּעוּ they had sworn an oath	qatal · niphal	נְשִׂיאֵי the leaders
יִּלֹּנוּ they grumbled	wayyiqtol · niphal	עֵדָה congregation

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וְלָא מְחוֹנוּן בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אֲרֵי קַיְימוּ לְהוֹן רַבְרְבֵי כְנִשְׁתָּא בְּמֵימְרָא דַייָ אֱלָהָא דְיִשְׂרָאֵל וְאִתְרַעֲמוּ כָּל כְּנִשְׁתָּא עַל רַבְרְבַיָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:JOS:203.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.9.18/