Joshua 9:19 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ

Who acts: princes, We · What happens: say, swear, not touch · To what, where: princes · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Joshua 9:19 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — princes, We — and what happens in the verse to princes, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיֹּאמְר֤וּ כָל־הַנְּשִׂיאִים֙ אֶל־כָּל־הָ֣עֵדָ֔ה אֲנַ֙חְנוּ֙ נִשְׁבַּ֣עְנוּ לָהֶ֔ם בַּֽיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְעַתָּ֕ה לֹ֥א נוּכַ֖ל לִנְגֹּ֥עַ בָּהֶֽם׃

But all the princes said unto all the congregation: 'We have sworn unto them by the LORD, the God of Israel; now therefore we may not touch them.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יֹּאמְר֤וּ	cc	and
2	יֹּאמְר֤וּ	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	root	root	they said
3	כָל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יֹּאמְר֤וּ	nsubj	all
4	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	5 נְּשִׂיאִים֙	det	the
5	נְּשִׂיאִים֙	נָשִׂיא	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	3 כָל־	compound:smixut	leaders
6	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	7 כָּל־	case	to
7	כָּל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יֹּאמְר֤וּ	obl	all
8	הָ֣	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	9 עֵדָ֔ה	det	the
9	עֵדָ֔ה	עֵדָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	7 כָּל־	compound:smixut	congregation
10	אֲנַ֙חְנוּ֙	אֲנַחְנוּ	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	11 נִשְׁבַּ֣עְנוּ	nsubj	we
11	נִשְׁבַּ֣עְנוּ	שָׁבַע	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Plur Person=1	2 יֹּאמְר֤וּ	ccomp	we have sworn an oath
12	ל	לְ	ADP	_	13 ָהֶ֔ם	case	to
13	ָהֶ֔ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 נִשְׁבַּ֣עְנוּ	obl	them
14	בַּֽ	בְּ	ADP	_	15 יהוָ֖ה	case	by
15	יהוָ֖ה	יהוה	PROPN	_	11 נִשְׁבַּ֣עְנוּ	obl	Yahweh
16	אֱלֹהֵ֣י	אֱלֹהִים	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	15 יהוָ֖ה	appos	the God
17	יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל	יִשְׂרָאֵל	PROPN	_	16 אֱלֹהֵ֣י	compound:smixut	of Israel
18	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	19 עַתָּ֕ה	cc	and
19	עַתָּ֕ה	עַתָּה	ADV	_	2 יֹּאמְר֤וּ	advmod	therefore
20	לֹ֥א	לֹא	ADV	_	21 נוּכַ֖ל	advmod	not
21	נוּכַ֖ל	יָכֹל	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=1	11 נִשְׁבַּ֣עְנוּ	parataxis	we are able
22	לִ	לְ	ADP	_	23 נְגֹּ֥עַ	case	to
23	נְגֹּ֥עַ	נָגַע	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	21 נוּכַ֖ל	xcomp	touch
24	בּ	בְּ	ADP	_	25 ָהֶֽם	case	(in)
25	ָהֶֽם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	23 נְגֹּ֥עַ	obl	them
26	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	25 ָהֶֽם	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: yes
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)
יֹּאמְרוּ they said	wayyiqtol · qal	נְּשִׂיאִים leaders
נִשְׁבַּעְנוּ we have sworn an oath	qatal · niphal	אֲנַחְנוּ we
not נוּכַל we are able	yiqtol · qal	נְּשִׂיאִים leaders + עֵדָה congregation
נְגֹּעַ touch	infinitive construct · qal	נְּשִׂיאִים leaders + עֵדָה congregation

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וַאֲמַרוּ כָּל רַבְרְבַיָא לְכָל כְּנִשְׁתָּא אֲנַחְנָא קַיֵימְנָא לְהוֹן בְּמֵימְרָא דַייָ אֱלָהָא דְיִשְׂרָאֵל וּכְעַן לָא נִכּוּל לְאַנְזָקָא בְּהוֹן:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

But all the princes said unto all the congregation: 'We have sworn unto them by the LORD, the God of Israel; now therefore we may not touch them.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:JOS:204.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.9.19/