Nahum 1:12 נַחוּם
Who acts: LORD, hills, I · What happens: say, be, cut down, pass away, afflict · To what, where: full strength, hills, thee · Speech: someone speaks in this verse
This is Nahum 1:12 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — LORD, hills, I — and what happens in the verse to full strength, hills, thee, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 3 chapters of Nahum on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
כֹּ֣ה ׀ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה אִם־שְׁלֵמִים֙ וְכֵ֣ן רַבִּ֔ים וְכֵ֥ן נָגֹ֖זּוּ וְעָבָ֑ר וְעִ֨נִּתִ֔ךְ לֹ֥א אֲעַנֵּ֖ךְ עֽוֹד׃
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | כֹּ֣ה | כֹּה | ADV | _ | 3 אָמַ֣ר | advmod | thus |
| 2 | ׀ | ׀ | PUNCT | _ | 1 כֹּ֣ה | punct | |
| 3 | אָמַ֣ר | אָמַר | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3 | root | root | he says |
| 4 | יְהוָ֗ה | יהוה | PROPN | _ | 3 אָמַ֣ר | nsubj | Yahweh |
| 5 | אִם־ | אִם | SCONJ | _ | 6 שְׁלֵמִים֙ | mark | though |
| 6 | שְׁלֵמִים֙ | שָׁלֵם | ADJ | Gender=Masc Number=Plur | 12 נָגֹ֖זּוּ | advcl | complete |
| 7 | וְ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 9 רַבִּ֔ים | cc | and |
| 8 | כֵ֣ן | כֵּן | ADV | _ | 9 רַבִּ֔ים | advmod | thus |
| 9 | רַבִּ֔ים | רַב | ADJ | Gender=Masc Number=Plur | 6 שְׁלֵמִים֙ | conj | numerous |
| 10 | וְ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 12 נָגֹ֖זּוּ | cc | and |
| 11 | כֵ֥ן | כֵּן | ADV | _ | 12 נָגֹ֖זּוּ | advmod | thus |
| 12 | נָגֹ֖זּוּ | גָּזַז | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Plur Person=3 | 3 אָמַ֣ר | ccomp | they will be cut off |
| 13 | וְ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 14 עָבָ֑ר | cc | and |
| 14 | עָבָ֑ר | עָבַר | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3 | 12 נָגֹ֖זּוּ | conj | he will pass away |
| 15 | וְ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 16 עִ֨נִּתִ֔ | cc | and |
| 16 | עִ֨נִּתִ֔ | עָנָה | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=1 | 12 נָגֹ֖זּוּ | conj | I |
| 17 | ךְ | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs | 16 עִ֨נִּתִ֔ | obj | have afflicted you |
| 18 | לֹ֥א | לֹא | ADV | _ | 19 אֲעַנּ | advmod | not |
| 19 | אֲעַנּ | עָנָה | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=1 | 16 עִ֨נִּתִ֔ | ccomp | I |
| 20 | ֵ֖ךְ | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs | 19 אֲעַנּ | obj | will afflict you |
| 21 | עֽוֹד | עוֹד | ADV | _ | 19 אֲעַנּ | advmod | again |
| 22 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 21 עֽוֹד | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- character
- speech
- a frame and its quote
- negation
- yes
- the frame alone
- decl · assert · none
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| אָמַר he says | qatal · qal | יְהוָה Yahweh | |||
| נָגֹזּוּ they will be cut off | qatal · niphal | ||||
| עָבָר he will pass away | qatal · qal | ||||
| עִנִּתִ I | qatal · piel | יְהוָה Yahweh | ךְ have afflicted you | ||
| not אֲעַנּ I | yiqtol · piel | יְהוָה Yahweh | ֵךְ will afflict you |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
Targum Jonathan
כִּדְנַן אֲמַר יְיָ אִם יְהוֹן שְׁלֵימִין בְּעֵיצָה וְסַגִיאִין בְּאִתְמְנָיוּתָא עַמְמַיָא דְמִתְכַּנְשִׁין לַאֲעָקָא לִיךְ יְרוּשְׁלֵם וִיגוֹזוּן יַת דִגְלַת וְיֶעְבְּרוּן יַת פְּרָת וְיֵיתוּן לְעַנָיוּתָךְ וּדְשַׁעְבַּדְתִּיךְ לָא אַשַׁעְבְּדִנָךְ עוֹד:
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:NAM:11.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM.1.12/