Zephaniah 1:1 צְפַנְיָה
Who acts: WORD · What happens: come, word · To what, where: LORD
This is Zephaniah 1:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — WORD — and what happens in the verse to LORD, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 3 chapters of Zephaniah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
דְּבַר־יְהוָ֣ה ׀ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָיָ֗ה אֶל־צְפַנְיָה֙ בֶּן־כּוּשִׁ֣י בֶן־גְּדַלְיָ֔ה בֶּן־אֲמַרְיָ֖ה בֶּן־חִזְקִיָּ֑ה בִּימֵ֛י יֹאשִׁיָּ֥הוּ בֶן־אָמ֖וֹן מֶ֥לֶךְ יְהוּדָֽה׃
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | דְּבַר־ | דָּבָר | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | root | root | the word |
| 2 | יְהוָ֣ה | יהוה | PROPN | _ | 1 דְּבַר־ | compound:smixut | of Yahweh |
| 3 | ׀ | ׀ | PUNCT | _ | 2 יְהוָ֣ה | punct | |
| 4 | אֲשֶׁ֣ר | אֲשֶׁר | SCONJ | _ | 7 צְפַנְיָה֙ | mark | which |
| 5 | הָיָ֗ה | הָיָה | AUX | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3 | 7 צְפַנְיָה֙ | cop | it came |
| 6 | אֶל־ | אֶל | ADP | _ | 7 צְפַנְיָה֙ | case | to |
| 7 | צְפַנְיָה֙ | צְפַנְיָה | PROPN | _ | 1 דְּבַר־ | acl:relcl | Zephaniah |
| 8 | בֶּן־ | בֵּן | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 7 צְפַנְיָה֙ | appos | the son |
| 9 | כּוּשִׁ֣י | כּוּשִׁי | PROPN | _ | 8 בֶּן־ | compound:smixut | of Cushi |
| 10 | בֶן־ | בֵּן | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 9 כּוּשִׁ֣י | appos | the son |
| 11 | גְּדַלְיָ֔ה | גְּדַלְיָה | PROPN | _ | 10 בֶן־ | compound:smixut | of Gedaliah |
| 12 | בֶּן־ | בֵּן | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 11 גְּדַלְיָ֔ה | appos | the son |
| 13 | אֲמַרְיָ֖ה | אֲמַרְיָה | PROPN | _ | 12 בֶּן־ | compound:smixut | of Amariah |
| 14 | בֶּן־ | בֵּן | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 13 אֲמַרְיָ֖ה | appos | the son |
| 15 | חִזְקִיָּ֑ה | חִזְקִיָּה | PROPN | _ | 14 בֶּן־ | compound:smixut | of Hezekiah |
| 16 | בִּ | בְּ | ADP | _ | 17 ימֵ֛י | case | in |
| 17 | ימֵ֛י | יוֹם | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Plur | 7 צְפַנְיָה֙ | obl | the days |
| 18 | יֹאשִׁיָּ֥הוּ | יֹאשִׁיָּהוּ | PROPN | _ | 17 ימֵ֛י | compound:smixut | of Josiah |
| 19 | בֶן־ | בֵּן | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 18 יֹאשִׁיָּ֥הוּ | appos | the son |
| 20 | אָמ֖וֹן | אָמוֹן | PROPN | _ | 19 בֶן־ | compound:smixut | of Amon |
| 21 | מֶ֥לֶךְ | מֶלֶךְ | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 18 יֹאשִׁיָּ֥הוּ | appos | the king |
| 22 | יְהוּדָֽה | יְהוּדָה | PROPN | _ | 21 מֶ֥לֶךְ | compound:smixut | of Judah |
| 23 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 22 יְהוּדָֽה | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- speech
- narration
- negation
- no
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| הָיָה it came | qatal · qal | דְּבַר־ the word |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
Targum Jonathan
פִּתְגַם נְבוּאָה דַהֲוָה קֳדָם יְיָ עִם צְפַנְיָה בַּר כּוּשִׁי בַר גְדַלְיָה בַר אֲמַרְיָה בַּר חִזְקִיָה בְּיוֹמֵי יֹאשִׁיָהוּ בַר אָמוֹן מְלַךְ שִׁבְטָא דְבֵית יְהוּדָה:
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:ZEP:0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEP.1.1/