Zephaniah 1:17 צְפַנְיָה

Who acts: I, man · What happens: bring, walk, sin, pour out · To what, where: distress, blood

This is Zephaniah 1:17 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, man — and what happens in the verse to distress, blood, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 3 chapters of Zephaniah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַהֲצֵרֹ֣תִי לָאָדָ֗ם וְהָֽלְכוּ֙ כַּֽעִוְרִ֔ים כִּ֥י לַֽיהוָ֖ה חָטָ֑אוּ וְשֻׁפַּ֤ךְ דָּמָם֙ כֶּֽעָפָ֔ר וּלְחֻמָ֖ם כַּגְּלָלִֽים׃

And I will bring distress upon men, that they shall walk like the blind, because they have sinned against the LORD; and their blood shall be poured out as dust, and their flesh as dung.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 הֲצֵרֹ֣תִי	cc	and
2	הֲצֵרֹ֣תִי	צָרַר	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=1	root	root	I will cause distress
3	לָ	לְ	ADP	_	5 אָדָ֗ם	case	to
4	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	5 אָדָ֗ם	det	(the)
5	אָדָ֗ם	אָדָם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 הֲצֵרֹ֣תִי	obl	humankind
6	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	7 הָֽלְכוּ֙	cc	and
7	הָֽלְכוּ֙	הָלַךְ	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 הֲצֵרֹ֣תִי	conj	they will walk
8	כַּֽ	כְּ	ADP	_	10 עִוְרִ֔ים	case	like (the)
9	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	10 עִוְרִ֔ים	det	blind
10	עִוְרִ֔ים	עִוֵּר	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	7 הָֽלְכוּ֙	obl	[people]
11	כִּ֥י	כִּי	SCONJ	_	14 חָטָ֑אוּ	mark	(dm)
12	לַֽ	לְ	ADP	_	13 יהוָ֖ה	case	to
13	יהוָ֖ה	יהוה	PROPN	_	14 חָטָ֑אוּ	obl	Yahweh
14	חָטָ֑אוּ	חָטָא	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 הֲצֵרֹ֣תִי	advcl	they have sinned
15	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	16 שֻׁפַּ֤ךְ	cc	and
16	שֻׁפַּ֤ךְ	שָׁפַךְ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QALPASSIVE Number=Sing Person=3	2 הֲצֵרֹ֣תִי	conj	it will be poured out
17	דָּמ	דָּם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	16 שֻׁפַּ֤ךְ	nsubj	blood
18	ָם֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 דָּמ	nmod:poss	their
19	כֶּֽ	כְּ	ADP	_	21 עָפָ֔ר	case	like
20	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	21 עָפָ֔ר	det	(the)
21	עָפָ֔ר	עָפָר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	16 שֻׁפַּ֤ךְ	obl	dust
22	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	23 לְחֻמ	cc	and
23	לְחֻמ	לְחוּם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	16 שֻׁפַּ֤ךְ	conj	bowel[s]
24	ָ֖ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	23 לְחֻמ	nmod:poss	their
25	כַּ	כְּ	ADP	_	27 גְּלָלִֽים	case	like
26	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	27 גְּלָלִֽים	det	(the)
27	גְּלָלִֽים	גָּלָל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	23 לְחֻמ	obl	dung(s)
28	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	27 גְּלָלִֽים	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: promise
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: no

verb	form · stem	what, whom (A1)
הֲצֵרֹתִי I will cause distress	weqatal · hiphil
הָֽלְכוּ they will walk	weqatal · qal
חָטָאוּ they have sinned	qatal · qal
שֻׁפַּךְ it will be poured out	weqatal · qalpassive	דָּמ blood

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וְאָעִיק לִבְנֵי אֱנָשָׁא וְיַהֲכוֹן כְּסָמָן אֲרֵי קֳדָם יְיָ חָבוּ וְיִשְׁתְּפַךְ דִמְהוֹן לְעַפְרָא וּנְבַלְתְּהוֹן כְּסָחִיתָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And I will bring distress upon men, that they shall walk like the blind, because they have sinned against the LORD; and their blood shall be poured out as dust, and their flesh as dung.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:ZEP:16.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEP.1.17/