Zephaniah 2:8 צְפַנְיָה
Who acts: I, taunt · What happens: hear, taunt, speak · To what, where: taunt, people, Moab · Speech: someone speaks in this verse
This is Zephaniah 2:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, taunt — and what happens in the verse to taunt, people, Moab, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 3 chapters of Zephaniah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
שָׁמַ֙עְתִּי֙ חֶרְפַּ֣ת מוֹאָ֔ב וְגִדּוּפֵ֖י בְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֑וֹן אֲשֶׁ֤ר חֵֽרְפוּ֙ אֶת־עַמִּ֔י וַיַּגְדִּ֖ילוּ עַל־גְּבוּלָֽם׃
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | שָׁמַ֙עְתִּי֙ | שָׁמַע | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1 | root | root | I have heard |
| 2 | חֶרְפַּ֣ת | חֶרְפָּה | NOUN | Gender=Fem Number=Sing | 1 שָׁמַ֙עְתִּי֙ | obj | the reproach |
| 3 | מוֹאָ֔ב | מוֹאָב | PROPN | _ | 2 חֶרְפַּ֣ת | compound:smixut | of Moab |
| 4 | וְ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 5 גִדּוּפֵ֖י | cc | and |
| 5 | גִדּוּפֵ֖י | גִּדּוּף | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 חֶרְפַּ֣ת | conj | the reviling words |
| 6 | בְּנֵ֣י | בֵּן | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Plur | 5 גִדּוּפֵ֖י | compound:smixut | of the people |
| 7 | עַמּ֑וֹן | עַמּוֹן | PROPN | _ | 6 בְּנֵ֣י | compound:smixut | of Ammon |
| 8 | אֲשֶׁ֤ר | אֲשֶׁר | SCONJ | _ | 9 חֵֽרְפוּ֙ | mark | who |
| 9 | חֵֽרְפוּ֙ | חָרַף | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Plur Person=3 | 2 חֶרְפַּ֣ת | acl:relcl | they have reproached |
| 10 | אֶת־ | אֵת | ADP | _ | 11 עַמּ | case | (et) |
| 11 | עַמּ | עַם | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 9 חֵֽרְפוּ֙ | obj | people |
| 12 | ִ֔י | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 11 עַמּ | nmod:poss | my |
| 13 | וַ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 14 יַּגְדִּ֖ילוּ | cc | and |
| 14 | יַּגְדִּ֖ילוּ | גָּדַל | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Plur Person=3 | 9 חֵֽרְפוּ֙ | conj | they have magnified themselves |
| 15 | עַל־ | עַל | ADP | _ | 16 גְּבוּל | case | on |
| 16 | גְּבוּל | גְּבוּל | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 14 יַּגְדִּ֖ילוּ | obl | territory |
| 17 | ָֽם | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 גְּבוּל | nmod:poss | their |
| 18 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 17 ָֽם | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- character
- speech
- inside a quote begun earlier
- negation
- no
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| שָׁמַעְתִּי I have heard | qatal · qal | חֶרְפַּת the reproach + גִדּוּפֵי the reviling words | |||
| חֵֽרְפוּ they have reproached | qatal · piel | מוֹאָב of Moab + בְּנֵי of the people | עַמּ people | ||
| יַּגְדִּילוּ they have magnified themselves | wayyiqtol · hiphil | מוֹאָב of Moab + בְּנֵי of the people |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
Targum Jonathan
שְׁמִיעַ קֳדָמַי חִסוּדֵי מוֹאָב וְאִתְרַבְרְבוּת בְּנֵי עַמוֹן דַחֲסִידוּ יַת עַמִי וְאִתְרַבְרְבוּ עַל תְּחוּמְהוֹן:
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:ZEP:25.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEP.2.8/