1 Kings 12:10 · JPS 1917
And the young men that were grown up with him spoke unto him, saying: 'Thus shalt thou say unto this people that spoke unto thee, saying: Thy father made our yoke heavy, but make thou it lighter unto us; thus shalt thou speak unto them: My little finger is thicker than my father's loins.
Who acts: young men, thou, people, father, little finger · What happens: grow up, speak, say, make, be · To what, where: young men, yoke · Speech: someone speaks here
This is 1 Kings 12:10 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (young men, thou, people, father), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 spoke | cc |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 men | det |
| 3 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 men | amod |
| 4 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 spoke | nsubj |
| 5 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 7 grown | nsubj:pass |
| 6 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 grown | aux:pass |
| 7 | grown | grow | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 men | acl:relcl |
| 8 | up | up | ADP | _ | 7 grown | compound:prt |
| 9 | with | with | ADP | _ | 10 him | case |
| 10 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 grown | obl |
| 11 | spoke | speak | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 12 | unto | unto | ADP | _ | 13 him | case |
| 13 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 spoke | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 saying | punct |
| 15 | saying | say | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 11 spoke | advcl |
| 16 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 21 say | punct |
| 17 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 21 say | punct |
| 18 | Thus | thus | ADV | _ | 21 say | advmod |
| 19 | shalt | shall | AUX | Style=Arch VerbForm=Fin | 21 say | aux |
| 20 | thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 21 say | nsubj |
| 21 | say | say | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 saying | ccomp |
| 22 | unto | unto | ADP | _ | 24 people | case |
| 23 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 24 people | det |
| 24 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 say | obl |
| 25 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 26 spoke | nsubj |
| 26 | spoke | speak | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 people | acl:relcl |
| 27 | unto | unto | ADP | _ | 28 thee | case |
| 28 | thee | thou | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 26 spoke | obl |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 saying | punct |
| 30 | saying | say | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 21 say | advcl |
| 31 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 34 made | punct |
| 32 | Thy | thy | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 33 father | nmod:poss |
| 33 | father | father | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 made | nsubj |
| 34 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 30 saying | ccomp |
| 35 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 36 yoke | nmod:poss |
| 36 | yoke | yoke | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 made | obj |
| 37 | heavy | heavy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 made | xcomp |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 make | punct |
| 39 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 40 make | cc |
| 40 | make | make | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 34 made | conj |
| 41 | thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 40 make | nsubj |
| 42 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 40 make | obj |
| 43 | lighter | light | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 40 make | xcomp |
| 44 | unto | unto | ADP | _ | 45 us | case |
| 45 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 43 lighter | obl |
| 46 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 50 speak | punct |
| 47 | thus | thus | ADV | _ | 50 speak | advmod |
| 48 | shalt | shall | AUX | Style=Arch VerbForm=Fin | 50 speak | aux |
| 49 | thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 50 speak | nsubj |
| 50 | speak | speak | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 spoke | parataxis |
| 51 | unto | unto | ADP | _ | 52 them | case |
| 52 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 50 speak | obl |
| 53 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 58 thicker | punct |
| 54 | My | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 56 finger | nmod:poss |
| 55 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 56 finger | amod |
| 56 | finger | finger | NOUN | Number=Sing | 58 thicker | nsubj |
| 57 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 58 thicker | cop |
| 58 | thicker | thick | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 11 spoke | parataxis |
| 59 | than | than | ADP | _ | 63 loins | case |
| 60 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 61 father | nmod:poss |
| 61 | father | father | NOUN | Number=Sing | 63 loins | nmod:poss |
| 62 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 61 father | case |
| 63 | loins | loin | NOUN | Number=Plur | 58 thicker | obl |
| 64 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 spoke | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- other
- voice
- character
- polarity
- neg
- teacher
- changed act=other
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | grow up | past · passive | the young men | with father | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: subject=Patient with he=Instrument | ||||
| 2 | speak speech: other | past | the young men | unto father | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | say speech: assert | gerund | the young men not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 4 | say speech: assert | shall | thou | unto this people; thus property | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | speak speech: other | past | this people | unto thee | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 6 | say speech: assert | gerund | thou not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 7 | make | past | Thy father | our yoke | heavy property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent yoke=Product | |||
| 8 | make | infinitive | thou | yoke | light property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product | |||
| 9 | speak speech: other | shall | thou | unto men = man; thus property | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 10 | is | present | My little finger | than my father's loins; thick property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וַיְדַבְּר֣וּ אֵלָ֗יו הַיְלָדִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר גָּדְל֣וּ אִתּוֹ֮ לֵאמֹר֒ כֹּֽה־תֹאמַ֣ר לָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֡ה אֲשֶׁר֩ דִּבְּר֨וּ אֵלֶ֜יךָ לֵאמֹ֗ר אָבִ֙יךָ֙ הִכְבִּ֣יד אֶת־עֻלֵּ֔נוּ וְאַתָּ֖ה הָקֵ֣ל מֵעָלֵ֑ינוּ כֹּ֚ה תְּדַבֵּ֣ר אֲלֵיהֶ֔ם קָֽטָנִּ֥י עָבָ֖ה מִמָּתְנֵ֥י אָבִֽי׃
1 Kings 12:10: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:1KI:461 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.461/