1 Kings 20:1 · JPS 1917
And Ben-hadad the king of Aram gathered all his host together; and there were thirty and two kings with him, and horses and chariots; and he went up and besieged Samaria, and fought against it.
Who acts: Ben hadad, thirty kings, king · What happens: gather, be, go up, besiege, fight · To what, where: host, Samaria
This is 1 Kings 20:1 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ben hadad, thirty kings, king), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 gathered | cc |
| 2 | Ben | Ben | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 hadad | flat |
| 3 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 2 Ben | punct |
| 4 | hadad | hadad | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 gathered | nsubj |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 king | det |
| 6 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 hadad | appos |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 Aram | case |
| 8 | Aram | Aram | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 king | nmod |
| 9 | gathered | gather | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 12 host | det:predet |
| 11 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 host | nmod:poss |
| 12 | host | host | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 gathered | obj |
| 13 | together | together | ADV | _ | 9 gathered | advmod |
| 14 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 17 were | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 were | cc |
| 16 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 17 were | expl |
| 17 | were | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 gathered | conj |
| 18 | thirty | thirty | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 21 kings | nummod |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 two | cc |
| 20 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 18 thirty | conj |
| 21 | kings | king | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 were | nsubj |
| 22 | with | with | ADP | _ | 23 him | case |
| 23 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 kings | nmod |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 horses | punct |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 horses | cc |
| 26 | horses | horse | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 kings | conj |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 chariots | cc |
| 28 | chariots | chariot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 horses | conj |
| 29 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 32 went | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 went | cc |
| 31 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 went | nsubj |
| 32 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 gathered | conj |
| 33 | up | up | ADP | _ | 32 went | compound:prt |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 besieged | cc |
| 35 | besieged | besiege | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 went | conj |
| 36 | Samaria | Samaria | PROPN | Number=Sing | 35 besieged | obj |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 fought | punct |
| 38 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 fought | cc |
| 39 | fought | fight | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 went | conj |
| 40 | against | against | ADP | _ | 41 it | case |
| 41 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 39 fought | obl |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 gathered | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | gather | past | Ben hadad | hadad's host | together property | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent host=Theme | |||
| 2 | be | past | thirty kings with hadad and horses and chariots | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | go up | past | king | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | |||||
| 4 | besiege | past | king not said here | Samaria | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | fight | past | king not said here | against host | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וּבֶנ־הֲדַ֣דבֶנ־הֲדַ֣ד מֶֽלֶךְ־אֲרָ֗ם קָבַץ֙ אֶת־כָּל־חֵיל֔וֹ וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֨ים וּשְׁנַ֥יִם מֶ֛לֶךְ אִתּ֖וֹ וְס֣וּס וָרָ֑כֶב וַיַּ֗עַל וַיָּ֙צַר֙ עַל־שֹׁ֣מְר֔וֹן וַיִּלָּ֖חֶם בָּֽהּ׃
1 Kings 20:1: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:1KI:726 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.726/