1 Kings 20:14 · JPS 1917
And Ahab said: 'By whom?' And he said: 'Thus saith the LORD: By the young men of the princes of the provinces.' Then he said: 'Who shall begin the battle?' And he answered: 'Thou.'
Who acts: Ahab, LORD · What happens: say, begin, answer · To what, where: battle · Speech: someone speaks here
This is 1 Kings 20:14 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ahab, LORD), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 3 said | cc |
| 2 | Ahab | Ahab | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 said | nsubj |
| 3 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 3 said | punct |
| 5 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 7 whom | punct |
| 6 | By | by | ADP | _ | 7 whom | case |
| 7 | whom | whom | PRON | Case=Acc PronType=Int | 3 said | obl |
| 8 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 7 whom | punct |
| 9 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 7 whom | punct |
| 10 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 said | cc |
| 11 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 said | nsubj |
| 12 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 said | conj |
| 13 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 16 saith | punct |
| 14 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 16 saith | punct |
| 15 | Thus | thus | ADV | _ | 16 saith | advmod |
| 16 | saith | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 said | ccomp |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 LORD | det |
| 18 | LORD | LORD | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 saith | nsubj |
| 19 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 23 men | punct |
| 20 | By | by | ADP | _ | 23 men | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 men | det |
| 22 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 men | amod |
| 23 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 saith | parataxis |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 princes | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 princes | det |
| 26 | princes | prince | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 men | nmod |
| 27 | of | of | ADP | _ | 29 provinces | case |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 provinces | det |
| 29 | provinces | province | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 princes | nmod |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 16 saith | punct |
| 31 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 16 saith | punct |
| 32 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 34 said | advmod |
| 33 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 34 said | nsubj |
| 34 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 said | parataxis |
| 35 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 39 begin | punct |
| 36 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 39 begin | punct |
| 37 | Who | who | PRON | PronType=Int | 39 begin | nsubj |
| 38 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 39 begin | aux |
| 39 | begin | begin | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 34 said | ccomp |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 battle | det |
| 41 | battle | battle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 begin | obj |
| 42 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 39 begin | punct |
| 43 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 39 begin | punct |
| 44 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 46 answered | cc |
| 45 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 46 answered | nsubj |
| 46 | answered | answer | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 said | conj |
| 47 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 49 Thou | punct |
| 48 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 49 Thou | punct |
| 49 | Thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 46 answered | ccomp |
| 50 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 49 Thou | punct |
| 51 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 49 Thou | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- wh-question
- act
- ask
- voice
- character
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | Ahab | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | Ahab | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | say speech: assert | present | the LORD | thus property | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | say speech: assert | past | lord | then | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 5 | begin | shall | the battle | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent battle=Eventuality | |||||
| 6 | answer speech: assert | past | lord | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אַחְאָב֙ בְּמִ֔י וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ כֹּֽה־אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה בְּנַעֲרֵ֖י שָׂרֵ֣י הַמְּדִינ֑וֹת וַיֹּ֛אמֶר מִֽי־יֶאְסֹ֥ר הַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אָֽתָּה׃
1 Kings 20:14: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:1KI:739 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.739/