1 Samuel 25:20 · JPS 1917
And it was so, as she rode on her ass, and came down by the covert of the mountain, that, behold, David and his men came down towards her; and she met them. —
Who acts: evil, Abigail, David · What happens: be, ride, come down, meet · To what, where: ass, asses
This is 1 Samuel 25:20 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (evil, Abigail, David), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 4 so | cc |
| 2 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 so | nsubj |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 so | cop |
| 4 | so | so | ADV | _ | root | root |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 rode | punct |
| 6 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 8 rode | mark |
| 7 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 rode | nsubj |
| 8 | rode | ride | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 so | advcl |
| 9 | on | on | ADP | _ | 11 ass | case |
| 10 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 11 ass | nmod:poss |
| 11 | ass | ass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 rode | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 came | punct |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 came | cc |
| 14 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 rode | conj |
| 15 | down | down | ADV | _ | 14 came | advmod |
| 16 | by | by | ADP | _ | 18 covert | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 covert | det |
| 18 | covert | covert | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 came | obl |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 mountain | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 mountain | det |
| 21 | mountain | mountain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 covert | nmod |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 came | punct |
| 23 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 31 came | mark |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 behold | punct |
| 25 | behold | behold | INTJ | _ | 31 came | discourse |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 behold | punct |
| 27 | David | David | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 came | nsubj |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 men | cc |
| 29 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 30 men | nmod:poss |
| 30 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 David | conj |
| 31 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 came | advcl |
| 32 | down | down | ADV | _ | 31 came | advmod |
| 33 | towards | towards | ADP | _ | 34 her | case |
| 34 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 came | obl |
| 35 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 38 met | punct |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 met | cc |
| 37 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 38 met | nsubj |
| 38 | met | meet | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 31 came | conj |
| 39 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 38 met | obj |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 so | punct |
| 41 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 4 so | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | evil | so property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | ride | past | Abigail | Abigail's ass | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | come down | past | Abigail not said here | by the covert of the mountain; down property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by covert=Location | ||||
| 4 | come down | past | David and David's men | towards Abigail; down property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme towards she=Initial_Location | ||||
| 5 | meet | past | Abigail | asses = ass | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Co-Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וְהָיָ֞ה הִ֣יא ׀ רֹכֶ֣בֶת עַֽל־הַחֲמ֗וֹר וְיֹרֶ֙דֶת֙ בְּסֵ֣תֶר הָהָ֔ר וְהִנֵּ֤ה דָוִד֙ וַאֲנָשָׁ֔יו יֹרְדִ֖ים לִקְרָאתָ֑הּ וַתִּפְגֹּ֖שׁ אֹתָֽם׃
1 Samuel 25:20: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:1SA:741 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.741/