1 Samuel 25:20 שְׁמוּאֵל א

Who acts: evil, Abigail, David · What happens: be, ride, come down, meet · To what, where: ass, asses

This is 1 Samuel 25:20 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — evil, Abigail, David — and what happens in the verse to ass, asses, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וְהָיָ֞ה הִ֣יא ׀ רֹכֶ֣בֶת עַֽל־הַחֲמ֗וֹר וְיֹרֶ֙דֶת֙ בְּסֵ֣תֶר הָהָ֔ר וְהִנֵּ֤ה דָוִד֙ וַאֲנָשָׁ֔יו יֹרְדִ֖ים לִקְרָאתָ֑הּ וַתִּפְגֹּ֖שׁ אֹתָֽם׃

And it was so, as she rode on her ass, and came down by the covert of the mountain, that, behold, David and his men came down towards her; and she met them. —

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 הָיָ֞ה	cc	and
2	הָיָ֞ה	הָיָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	it was
3	הִ֣יא	הִיא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 רֹכֶ֣בֶת	nsubj	she
4	׀	׀	PUNCT	_	3 הִ֣יא	punct
5	רֹכֶ֣בֶת	רָכַב	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	2 הָיָ֞ה	parataxis	[was] riding
6	עַֽל־	עַל	ADP	_	8 חֲמ֗וֹר	case	on
7	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	8 חֲמ֗וֹר	det	the
8	חֲמ֗וֹר	חֲמוֹר	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 רֹכֶ֣בֶת	obl	donkey
9	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	10 יֹרֶ֙דֶת֙	cc	and
10	יֹרֶ֙דֶת֙	יָרַד	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	2 הָיָ֞ה	conj	[she was] going down
11	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	12 סֵ֣תֶר	case	in
12	סֵ֣תֶר	סֵתֶר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	10 יֹרֶ֙דֶת֙	obl	the cover
13	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	14 הָ֔ר	det	of
14	הָ֔ר	הַר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	12 סֵ֣תֶר	compound:smixut	the mountain
15	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	21 יֹרְדִ֖ים	cc	and
16	הִנֵּ֤ה	הִנֵּה	INTJ	_	21 יֹרְדִ֖ים	discourse	there!
17	דָוִד֙	דָּוִד	PROPN	_	21 יֹרְדִ֖ים	nsubj	David
18	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	19 אֲנָשָׁ֔י	cc	and
19	אֲנָשָׁ֔י	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	17 דָוִד֙	conj	men
20	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 אֲנָשָׁ֔י	nmod:poss	his
21	יֹרְדִ֖ים	יָרַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur	2 הָיָ֞ה	conj	[were] going down
22	לִ	לְ	ADP	_	23 קְרָאת	case	to
23	קְרָאת	קָרָא	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	21 יֹרְדִ֖ים	advcl	meet
24	ָ֑הּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	23 קְרָאת	obj	her
25	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	26 תִּפְגֹּ֖שׁ	cc	and
26	תִּפְגֹּ֖שׁ	פָּגַשׁ	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 הָיָ֞ה	conj	she met
27	אֹת	אֵת	ADP	_	28 ָֽם	case
28	ָֽם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	26 תִּפְגֹּ֖שׁ	obj	them
29	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	28 ָֽם	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
רֹכֶבֶת [was] riding	participle active · qal	הִיא she
יֹרֶדֶת [she was] going down	participle active · qal
יֹרְדִים [were] going down	participle active · qal	דָוִד David + אֲנָשָׁי men
קְרָאת meet	infinitive construct · qal	דָוִד David + אֲנָשָׁי men	ָהּ her
תִּפְגֹּשׁ she met	wayyiqtol · qal		ָֽם them

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וַהֲוָה הִיא רְכִיבָא עַל חַמְרָא וּנְחָתַת בִּסְטַר טוּרָא וְהָא דָוִד וְגַבְרוֹהִי נָחֲתִין לָקֳדָמוּתָהּ וַעֲרָעַת יַתְהוֹן:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And it was so, as she rode on her ass, and came down by the covert of the mountain, that, behold, David and his men came down towards her; and she met them. —

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:1SA:669.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.25.20/