1 Samuel 30:21 · JPS 1917
And David came to the two hundred men, who were so faint that they could not follow David, whom also they had made to abide at the brook Besor; and they went forth to meet David, and to meet the people that were with him; and when David came near to the people, he saluted them.
Who acts: David, hundred men, people, Besor · What happens: come, be, not follow, make, abide, go · To what, where: David, brook, people
This is 1 Samuel 30:21 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (David, hundred men, people, Besor), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 3 came | cc |
| 2 | David | David | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 came | nsubj |
| 3 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | ADP | _ | 8 men | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 men | det |
| 6 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 7 hundred | nummod |
| 7 | hundred | hundred | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 8 men | nummod |
| 8 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 came | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 faint | punct |
| 10 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 13 faint | nsubj |
| 11 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 faint | cop |
| 12 | so | so | ADV | _ | 13 faint | advmod |
| 13 | faint | faint | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 men | acl:relcl |
| 14 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 18 follow | mark |
| 15 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 follow | nsubj |
| 16 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 18 follow | aux |
| 17 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 18 follow | advmod |
| 18 | follow | follow | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 13 faint | advcl |
| 19 | David | David | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 follow | obj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 made | punct |
| 21 | whom | whom | PRON | PronType=Rel | 25 made | obj |
| 22 | also | also | ADV | _ | 25 made | advmod |
| 23 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 made | nsubj |
| 24 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 made | aux |
| 25 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 19 David | acl:relcl |
| 26 | to | to | PART | _ | 27 abide | mark |
| 27 | abide | abide | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 25 made | xcomp |
| 28 | at | at | ADP | _ | 30 brook | case |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 brook | det |
| 30 | brook | brook | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 abide | obl |
| 31 | Besor | Besor | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 brook | appos |
| 32 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 35 went | punct |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 went | cc |
| 34 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 35 went | nsubj |
| 35 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 came | conj |
| 36 | forth | forth | ADV | _ | 35 went | advmod |
| 37 | to | to | PART | _ | 38 meet | mark |
| 38 | meet | meet | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 35 went | advcl |
| 39 | David | David | PROPN | Number=Sing | 38 meet | obj |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 43 meet | punct |
| 41 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 43 meet | cc |
| 42 | to | to | PART | _ | 43 meet | mark |
| 43 | meet | meet | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 38 meet | conj |
| 44 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 people | det |
| 45 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 43 meet | obj |
| 46 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 49 him | nsubj |
| 47 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 49 him | cop |
| 48 | with | with | ADP | _ | 49 him | case |
| 49 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 45 people | acl:relcl |
| 50 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 61 saluted | punct |
| 51 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 61 saluted | cc |
| 52 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 54 came | mark |
| 53 | David | David | PROPN | Number=Sing | 54 came | nsubj |
| 54 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 61 saluted | advcl |
| 55 | near | near | ADV | _ | 54 came | advmod |
| 56 | to | to | ADP | _ | 58 people | case |
| 57 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 58 people | det |
| 58 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 54 came | obl |
| 59 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 54 came | punct |
| 60 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 61 saluted | nsubj |
| 61 | saluted | salute | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 came | conj |
| 62 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 61 saluted | obj |
| 63 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 came | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come | past | David | to the hundred men | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to man=Initial_Location | ||||
| 2 | is | past | the hundred men | faint property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | not follow | could | David | David | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent david=Theme | ||||
| 4 | make | past · perfect | David | David | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | abide | to-infinitive | David not said here | the brook | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | go | past | David | forth property | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 7 | meet | to-infinitive | David not said here | David | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent david=Co-Agent | ||||
| 8 | meet | to-infinitive | David not said here | the people | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Co-Agent | ||||
| 9 | is | past | the people | with Besor | tree rules | ||||
| 10 | come | past | David | to the people; near property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to people=Initial_Location | ||||
| 11 | salute | past | Besor | David | vn curtsey-40.3.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וַיָּבֹ֣א דָוִ֗ד אֶל־מָאתַ֨יִם הָאֲנָשִׁ֜ים אֲשֶֽׁר־פִּגְּר֣וּ ׀ מִלֶּ֣כֶת ׀ אַחֲרֵ֣י דָוִ֗ד וַיֹּֽשִׁיבֻם֙ בְּנַ֣חַל הַבְּשׂ֔וֹר וַיֵּֽצְאוּ֙ לִקְרַ֣את דָּוִ֔ד וְלִקְרַ֖את הָעָ֣ם אֲשֶׁר־אִתּ֑וֹ וַיִּגַּ֤שׁ דָּוִד֙ אֶת־הָעָ֔ם וַיִּשְׁאַ֥ל לָהֶ֖ם לְשָׁלֽוֹם׃ס
1 Samuel 30:21: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:1SA:870 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.870/