2 Kings 18:9 · JPS 1917
And it came to pass in the fourth year of king Hezekiah, which was the seventh year of Hoshea son of Elah king of Israel, that Shalmaneser king of Assyria came up against Samaria, and besieged it.
Who acts: tower, fourth year, Shalmaneser king · What happens: come, pass, be, come up, besiege · To what, where: seventh year, Samaria, tower
This is 2 Kings 18:9 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tower, fourth year, Shalmaneser king), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 3 came | cc |
| 2 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 came | nsubj |
| 3 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | PART | _ | 5 pass | mark |
| 5 | pass | pass | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 came | xcomp |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 9 year | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 year | det |
| 8 | fourth | fourth | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 9 year | amod |
| 9 | year | year | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 pass | obl |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 king | case |
| 11 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 Hezekiah | compound |
| 12 | Hezekiah | Hezekiah | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 year | nmod |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 year | punct |
| 14 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 18 year | nsubj |
| 15 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 year | cop |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 year | det |
| 17 | seventh | seventh | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 year | amod |
| 18 | year | year | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 year | acl:relcl |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 son | case |
| 20 | Hoshea | Hoshea | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 son | compound |
| 21 | son | son | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 year | nmod |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 king | case |
| 23 | Elah | Elah | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 king | compound |
| 24 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 son | nmod |
| 25 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 Israel | case |
| 26 | Israel | Israel | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 king | nmod |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 came | punct |
| 28 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 33 came | mark |
| 29 | Shalmaneser | Shalmaneser | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 king | compound |
| 30 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 came | nsubj |
| 31 | of | of | ADP | _ | 32 Assyria | case |
| 32 | Assyria | Assyria | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 king | nmod |
| 33 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 came | ccomp |
| 34 | up | up | ADV | _ | 33 came | advmod |
| 35 | against | against | ADP | _ | 36 Samaria | case |
| 36 | Samaria | Samaria | PROPN | Number=Sing | 33 came | obl |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 besieged | punct |
| 38 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 besieged | cc |
| 39 | besieged | besiege | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 33 came | conj |
| 40 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 39 besieged | obj |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 came | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come | past | tower | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | pass | to-infinitive | tower not said here | year | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | is a | past | the fourth year king Hezekiah | the seventh year | of Hoshea son of Elah king of Israel | tree rules | |||
| 4 | come up | past | Shalmaneser king of Assyria | Samaria | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme against samaria=Location | ||||
| 5 | besiege | past | Shalmaneser king of Assyria not said here | tower | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וַֽיְהִ֞י בַּשָּׁנָ֤ה הָֽרְבִיעִית֙ לַמֶּ֣לֶךְ חִזְקִיָּ֔הוּ הִ֚יא הַשָּׁנָ֣ה הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔ית לְהוֹשֵׁ֥עַ בֶּן־אֵלָ֖ה מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל עָלָ֞ה שַׁלְמַנְאֶ֧סֶר מֶֽלֶךְ־אַשּׁ֛וּר עַל־שֹׁמְר֖וֹן וַיָּ֥צַר עָלֶֽיהָ׃
2 Kings 18:9: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:2KI:558 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.558/