2 Kings 18:28 · JPS 1917
Then Rab-shakeh stood, and cried with a loud voice in the Jews' language, and spoke, saying: 'Hear ye the word of the great king, the king of Assyria.
Who acts: Rab, ye · What happens: stand, cry, speak, say, hear, word · To what, where: language, word, great king · Speech: someone speaks here
This is 2 Kings 18:28 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Rab, ye), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 5 stood | advmod |
| 2 | Rab | Rab | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 stood | nsubj |
| 3 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 4 shakeh | punct |
| 4 | shakeh | shakeh | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 Rab | flat |
| 5 | stood | stand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 cried | punct |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 cried | cc |
| 8 | cried | cry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 stood | conj |
| 9 | with | with | ADP | _ | 12 voice | case |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 voice | det |
| 11 | loud | loud | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 voice | amod |
| 12 | voice | voice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 cried | obl |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 17 language | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 Jews | det |
| 15 | Jews | Jew | PROPN | Number=Plur | 17 language | nmod:poss |
| 16 | ' | 's | PART | _ | 15 Jews | case |
| 17 | language | language | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 cried | obl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 spoke | punct |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 spoke | cc |
| 20 | spoke | speak | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 stood | conj |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 saying | punct |
| 22 | saying | say | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 20 spoke | xcomp |
| 23 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 25 Hear | punct |
| 24 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 25 Hear | punct |
| 25 | Hear | hear | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 22 saying | ccomp |
| 26 | ye | ye | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 25 Hear | nsubj |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 word | det |
| 28 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 Hear | obj |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 32 king | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 king | det |
| 31 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 king | amod |
| 32 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 word | nmod |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 king | punct |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 king | det |
| 35 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 king | appos |
| 36 | of | of | ADP | _ | 37 Assyria | case |
| 37 | Assyria | Assyria | PROPN | Number=Sing | 35 king | nmod |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 stood | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- command
- act
- request
- voice
- character
- polarity
- pos
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | stand | past | Rab | then | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | cry speech: express | past | Rab not said here | the Jews's language | with a loud voice | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in language=Location | |||
| 3 | speak speech: other | past | Rab not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | say speech: assert | gerund | Rab not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 5 | hear | infinitive | ye | the word of the great king | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer word=Stimulus | ||||
| 6 | word | the great king | nom word «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וַֽיַּעֲמֹד֙ רַב־שָׁקֵ֔ה וַיִּקְרָ֥א בְקוֹל־גָּד֖וֹל יְהוּדִ֑ית וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר וַיֹּ֔אמֶר שִׁמְע֛וּ דְּבַר־הַמֶּ֥לֶךְ הַגָּד֖וֹל מֶ֥לֶךְ אַשּֽׁוּר׃
2 Kings 18:28: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:2KI:581 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.581/