2 Kings 3:25 · JPS 1917

And they beat down the cities; and on every good piece of land they cast every man his stone, and filled it; and they stopped all the fountains of water, and felled all the good trees; until there was left only Kir-hareseth with the stones of the wall thereof; so the slingers encompassed it, and smote it.

Who acts: Moabites, slingers · What happens: beat down, cast, fill, stop, fell, leave · To what, where: cities, man, good piece, land, fountains, good trees

This is 2 Kings 3:25 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Moabites, slingers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	And	and	CCONJ	_	3 beat	cc
2	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 beat	nsubj
3	beat	beat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	down	down	ADP	_	3 beat	compound:prt
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 cities	det
6	cities	city	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 beat	obj
7	;	;	PUNCT	_	16 cast	punct
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 cast	cc
9	on	on	ADP	_	12 piece	case
10	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	12 piece	det
11	good	good	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 piece	amod
12	piece	piece	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 cast	obl
13	of	of	ADP	_	14 land	case
14	land	land	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 piece	nmod
15	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 cast	nsubj
16	cast	cast	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 beat	conj
17	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	18 man	det
18	man	man	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 cast	obl
19	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	20 stone	nmod:poss
20	stone	stone	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 cast	obj
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 filled	punct
22	and	and	CCONJ	_	23 filled	cc
23	filled	fill	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	16 cast	conj
24	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	23 filled	obj
25	;	;	PUNCT	_	28 stopped	punct
26	and	and	CCONJ	_	28 stopped	cc
27	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	28 stopped	nsubj
28	stopped	stop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 beat	conj
29	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	31 fountains	det:predet
30	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	31 fountains	det
31	fountains	fountain	NOUN	Number=Plur	28 stopped	obj
32	of	of	ADP	_	33 water	case
33	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 fountains	nmod
34	,	,	PUNCT	_	36 felled	punct
35	and	and	CCONJ	_	36 felled	cc
36	felled	fell	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	28 stopped	conj
37	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	40 trees	det:predet
38	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	40 trees	det
39	good	good	ADJ	Degree=Pos	40 trees	amod
40	trees	tree	NOUN	Number=Plur	36 felled	obj
41	;	;	PUNCT	_	45 left	punct
42	until	until	SCONJ	_	45 left	mark
43	there	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	45 left	expl
44	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	45 left	aux:pass
45	left	leave	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	36 felled	advcl
46	only	only	ADV	_	49 hareseth	advmod
47	Kir	kir	PROPN	Number=Sing	49 hareseth	flat
48	-	-	PUNCT	_	47 Kir	punct
49	hareseth	hareseth	PROPN	Number=Sing	45 left	obj
50	with	with	ADP	_	52 stones	case
51	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	52 stones	det
52	stones	stone	NOUN	Number=Plur	45 left	obl
53	of	of	ADP	_	55 wall	case
54	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	55 wall	det
55	wall	wall	NOUN	Number=Sing	52 stones	nmod
56	thereof	thereof	ADV	_	55 wall	advmod
57	;	;	PUNCT	_	61 encompassed	punct
58	so	so	ADV	_	61 encompassed	advmod
59	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	60 slingers	det
60	slingers	slinger	NOUN	Number=Plur	61 encompassed	nsubj
61	encompassed	encompass	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 beat	parataxis
62	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	61 encompassed	obj
63	,	,	PUNCT	_	65 smote	punct
64	and	and	CCONJ	_	65 smote	cc
65	smote	smote	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	61 encompassed	conj
66	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	65 smote	obj
67	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 beat	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: pos
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	other	roles by
1	beat down	past	Moabites = moabite	the cities				vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location city=Theme
2	cast	past	Moabites = moabite	every man		every good piece of land		vn throw-17.1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent stone=Theme on piece=Destination
3	fill	past	Moabites = moabite not said here	land				vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient
4	stop	past	Moabites = moabite	all fountains of water				vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality fountain=Eventuality
5	fell	past	Moabites = moabite not said here	all good trees				tree rules
6	leave	past · passive	Moabites = moabite not said here		Kir hareseth	there	with the stones of the wall	vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP-Fulfilling PP.theme»: hareseth=Recipient with stone=Theme
7	encompass	past	the slingers	land				vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot it=Theme
8	smote	past	the slingers not said here	land				tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The Hebrew of this verse

וְהֶעָרִ֣ים יַהֲרֹ֡סוּ וְכָל־חֶלְקָ֣ה ט֠וֹבָה יַשְׁלִ֨יכוּ אִישׁ־אַבְנ֜וֹ וּמִלְא֗וּהָ וְכָל־מַעְיַן־מַ֤יִם יִסְתֹּ֙מוּ֙ וְכָל־עֵֽץ־ט֣וֹב יַפִּ֔ילוּ עַד־הִשְׁאִ֧יר אֲבָנֶ֛יהָ בַּקִּ֖יר חֲרָ֑שֶׂת קִּ֖יר חֲרָ֑שֶׂת וַיָּסֹ֥בּוּ הַקַּלָּעִ֖ים וַיַּכּֽוּהָ׃

2 Kings 3:25: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →

Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:2KI:74 of Mova's parse database.

The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.74/