2 Samuel 1:12 · JPS 1917
And they wailed, and wept, and fasted until even, for Saul, and for Jonathan his son, and for the people of the LORD, and for the house of Israel; because they were fallen by the sword.
Who acts: clothes, sword · What happens: wail, weep, fast, fall · To what, where: clothes
This is 2 Samuel 1:12 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (clothes, sword), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 3 wailed | cc |
| 2 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 wailed | nsubj |
| 3 | wailed | wail | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 wept | punct |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 wept | cc |
| 6 | wept | weep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 wailed | conj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 fasted | punct |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 fasted | cc |
| 9 | fasted | fast | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 wailed | conj |
| 10 | until | until | ADP | _ | 11 even | case |
| 11 | even | even | ADV | _ | 9 fasted | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 Saul | punct |
| 13 | for | for | ADP | _ | 14 Saul | case |
| 14 | Saul | Saul | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 fasted | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 Jonathan | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 Jonathan | cc |
| 17 | for | for | ADP | _ | 18 Jonathan | case |
| 18 | Jonathan | Jonathan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 Saul | conj |
| 19 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 20 son | nmod:poss |
| 20 | son | son | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 Jonathan | appos |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 people | punct |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 people | cc |
| 23 | for | for | ADP | _ | 25 people | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 people | det |
| 25 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 Saul | conj |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 28 LORD | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 LORD | det |
| 28 | LORD | LORD | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 people | nmod |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 house | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 house | cc |
| 31 | for | for | ADP | _ | 33 house | case |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 house | det |
| 33 | house | house | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 Saul | conj |
| 34 | of | of | ADP | _ | 35 Israel | case |
| 35 | Israel | Israel | PROPN | Number=Sing | 33 house | nmod |
| 36 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 40 fallen | punct |
| 37 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 40 fallen | mark |
| 38 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 40 fallen | nsubj:pass |
| 39 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 40 fallen | aux:pass |
| 40 | fallen | fall | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 fasted | advcl |
| 41 | by | by | ADP | _ | 43 sword | case |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 43 sword | det |
| 43 | sword | sword | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 fallen | obl |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 wailed | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- neg
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | wail | past | clothes | vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | weep | past | clothes not said here | vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | fast | past | clothes not said here | for Saul and Jonathan and the people of the LORD and the house of Israel | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | fall | past · passive | the sword | clothes | vn become-109.1-1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient subject=Result |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וַֽיִּסְפְּדוּ֙ וַיִּבְכּ֔וּ וַיָּצֻ֖מוּ עַד־הָעָ֑רֶב עַל־שָׁא֞וּל וְעַל־יְהוֹנָתָ֣ן בְּנ֗וֹ וְעַל־עַ֤ם יְהוָה֙ וְעַל־בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כִּ֥י נָפְל֖וּ בֶּחָֽרֶב׃ס
2 Samuel 1:12: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:2SA:14 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.14/