2 Samuel 1:12 שְׁמוּאֵל ב

Who acts: clothes, sword · What happens: wail, weep, fast, fall · To what, where: clothes

This is 2 Samuel 1:12 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — clothes, sword — and what happens in the verse to clothes, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַֽיִּסְפְּדוּ֙ וַיִּבְכּ֔וּ וַיָּצֻ֖מוּ עַד־הָעָ֑רֶב עַל־שָׁא֞וּל וְעַל־יְהוֹנָתָ֣ן בְּנ֗וֹ וְעַל־עַ֤ם יְהוָה֙ וְעַל־בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כִּ֥י נָפְל֖וּ בֶּחָֽרֶב׃ס

And they wailed, and wept, and fasted until even, for Saul, and for Jonathan his son, and for the people of the LORD, and for the house of Israel; because they were fallen by the sword.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַֽ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יִּסְפְּדוּ֙	cc	and
2	יִּסְפְּדוּ֙	סָפַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	root	root	they mourned
3	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	4 יִּבְכּ֔וּ	cc	and
4	יִּבְכּ֔וּ	בָּכָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יִּסְפְּדוּ֙	conj	they wept
5	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	6 יָּצֻ֖מוּ	cc	and
6	יָּצֻ֖מוּ	צוּם	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יִּסְפְּדוּ֙	conj	they fasted
7	עַד־	עַד	ADP	_	9 עָ֑רֶב	case	until
8	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	9 עָ֑רֶב	det	the
9	עָ֑רֶב	עֶרֶב	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יִּסְפְּדוּ֙	obl	evening
10	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	11 שָׁא֞וּל	case	on
11	שָׁא֞וּל	שָׁאוּל	PROPN	_	2 יִּסְפְּדוּ֙	obl	Saul
12	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	14 יְהוֹנָתָ֣ן	cc	and
13	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	14 יְהוֹנָתָ֣ן	case	on
14	יְהוֹנָתָ֣ן	יְהוֹנָתָן	PROPN	_	11 שָׁא֞וּל	conj	Jonathan
15	בְּנ	בֵּן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	14 יְהוֹנָתָ֣ן	appos	son
16	֗וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 בְּנ	nmod:poss	his
17	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	19 עַ֤ם	cc	and
18	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	19 עַ֤ם	case	on
19	עַ֤ם	עַם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	11 שָׁא֞וּל	conj	the people
20	יְהוָה֙	יהוה	PROPN	_	19 עַ֤ם	compound:smixut	of Yahweh
21	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	23 בֵּ֣ית	cc	and
22	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	23 בֵּ֣ית	case	on
23	בֵּ֣ית	בַּיִת	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	11 שָׁא֞וּל	conj	the house
24	יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל	יִשְׂרָאֵל	PROPN	_	23 בֵּ֣ית	compound:smixut	of Israel
25	כִּ֥י	כִּי	SCONJ	_	26 נָפְל֖וּ	mark	(dm)
26	נָפְל֖וּ	נָפַל	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יִּסְפְּדוּ֙	advcl	they had fallen
27	בֶּ	בְּ	ADP	_	29 חָֽרֶב	case	by
28	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	29 חָֽרֶב	det	the
29	חָֽרֶב	חֶרֶב	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	26 נָפְל֖וּ	obl	sword
30	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	29 חָֽרֶב	punct
31	ס	ס	PUNCT	_	29 חָֽרֶב	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)
יִּסְפְּדוּ they mourned	wayyiqtol · qal
יִּבְכּוּ they wept	wayyiqtol · qal
יָּצֻמוּ they fasted	wayyiqtol · qal
נָפְלוּ they had fallen	qatal · qal	שָׁאוּל Saul + יְהוֹנָתָן Jonathan + עַם the people + בֵּית the house

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וּסְפָדוּ וּבְכוֹ וְצָמוּ עַד רַמְשָׁא עַל שָׁאוּל וְעַל יְהוֹנָתָן בְּרֵיהּ וְעַל עַמָא דַייָ וְעַל בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל אֲרֵי אִתְקְטָלוּ בְּחַרְבָּא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And they wailed, and wept, and fasted until even, for Saul, and for Jonathan his son, and for the people of the LORD, and for the house of Israel; because they were fallen by the sword.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:2SA:11.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.1.12/