2 Samuel 10:4 · JPS 1917
So Hanun took David's servants, and shaved off the one half of their beards, and cut off their garments in the middle, even to their buttocks, and sent them away.
Who acts: Hanun · What happens: take, shave off, cut off, send away · To what, where: servants, one half, garments, middle
This is 2 Samuel 10:4 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hanun), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | So | so | ADV | _ | 3 took | advmod |
| 2 | Hanun | Hanun | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 took | nsubj |
| 3 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | David | David | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 servants | nmod:poss |
| 5 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 4 David | case |
| 6 | servants | servant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 took | obj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 shaved | punct |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 shaved | cc |
| 9 | shaved | shave | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 took | conj |
| 10 | off | off | ADP | _ | 9 shaved | compound:prt |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 half | det |
| 12 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 13 half | nummod |
| 13 | half | half | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 shaved | obj |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 beards | case |
| 15 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 16 beards | nmod:poss |
| 16 | beards | beard | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 half | nmod |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 cut | punct |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 cut | cc |
| 19 | cut | cut | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 shaved | conj |
| 20 | off | off | ADP | _ | 19 cut | compound:prt |
| 21 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 22 garments | nmod:poss |
| 22 | garments | garment | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 cut | obj |
| 23 | in | in | ADP | _ | 25 middle | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 middle | det |
| 25 | middle | middle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 cut | obl |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 buttocks | punct |
| 27 | even | even | ADV | _ | 30 buttocks | advmod |
| 28 | to | to | ADP | _ | 30 buttocks | case |
| 29 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 30 buttocks | nmod:poss |
| 30 | buttocks | buttock | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 cut | obl |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 sent | punct |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 sent | cc |
| 33 | sent | send | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 took | conj |
| 34 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 33 sent | obj |
| 35 | away | away | ADV | _ | 33 sent | advmod |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 took | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | take | past | Hanun | David's servants | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent servant=Theme | ||||
| 2 | shave off | past | Hanun not said here | the one half of servants's beards | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent half=Patient | ||||
| 3 | cut off | past | Hanun not said here | servants's garments | the middle | to servants's buttocks | vn stop-55.4-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector garment=Eventuality | ||
| 4 | send away | past | Hanun not said here | servants = servant | away property | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וַיִּקַּ֨ח חָנ֜וּן אֶת־עַבְדֵ֣י דָוִ֗ד וַיְגַלַּח֙ אֶת־חֲצִ֣י זְקָנָ֔ם וַיִּכְרֹ֧ת אֶת־מַדְוֵיהֶ֛ם בַּחֵ֖צִי עַ֣ד שְׁתֽוֹתֵיהֶ֑ם וַֽיְשַׁלְּחֵֽם׃
2 Samuel 10:4: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:2SA:248 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.248/