2 Samuel 10:19 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2
And when all the kings that were servants to Hadadezer saw that they were put to the worse before Israel, they made peace with Israel, and served them.
Who acts: kings, Arameans · What happens: be, see, put, make, serve · To what, where: servants, Hadadezer, Arameans, peace · Speech: someone speaks here
This is 2 Samuel 10:19 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (kings, Arameans), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 made | cc |
| 2 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 11 saw | mark |
| 3 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 5 kings | det:predet |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 kings | det |
| 5 | kings | king | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 saw | nsubj |
| 6 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 8 servants | nsubj |
| 7 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 servants | cop |
| 8 | servants | servant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 kings | acl:relcl |
| 9 | to | to | ADP | _ | 10 Hadadezer | case |
| 10 | Hadadezer | Hadadezer | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 servants | obl |
| 11 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 made | advcl |
| 12 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 15 put | mark |
| 13 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 put | nsubj:pass |
| 14 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 put | aux:pass |
| 15 | put | put | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 11 saw | ccomp |
| 16 | to | to | ADP | _ | 18 worse | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 worse | det |
| 18 | worse | worse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 put | obl |
| 19 | before | before | ADP | _ | 20 Israel | case |
| 20 | Israel | Israel | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 put | obl |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 made | punct |
| 22 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 made | nsubj |
| 23 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 24 | peace | peace | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 made | obj |
| 25 | with | with | ADP | _ | 26 Israel | case |
| 26 | Israel | Israel | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 made | obl |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 served | punct |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 served | cc |
| 29 | served | serve | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 made | conj |
| 30 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 served | obj |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 23 made | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed polarity=none
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past | all kings | servants | Hadadezer | tree rules | |||
| 2 | see | past | all kings | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 3 | put | past · passive | Arameans = aramean | before Israel | to the worse | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme before israel=Destination | |||
| 4 | make | past | Arameans = aramean | peace | with Israel | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset peace=Product | |||
| 5 | serve | past | Arameans = aramean not said here | Arameans = aramean | vn masquerade-29.6-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Attribute |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וַיִּרְא֨וּ כָֽל־הַמְּלָכִ֜ים עַבְדֵ֣י הֲדַדְעֶ֗זֶר כִּ֤י נִגְּפוּ֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיַּשְׁלִ֥מוּ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וַיַּֽעַבְד֑וּם וַיִּֽרְא֣וּ אֲרָ֔ם לְהוֹשִׁ֥יעַ ע֖וֹד אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י עַמּֽוֹן׃פ
2 Samuel 10:19: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
This verse in JPS 1917:
- And when all the kings that were servants to Hadadezer saw that they were put to the worse before Israel, they made peace with Israel, and served them.
- So the Arameans feared to help the children of Ammon any more.
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:2SA:266 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.266/