2 Samuel 10:19 שְׁמוּאֵל ב

Who acts: kings, Arameans · What happens: be, see, put, make, serve, fear · To what, where: servants, Hadadezer, Arameans, peace, children · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is 2 Samuel 10:19 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — kings, Arameans — and what happens in the verse to servants, Hadadezer, Arameans, peace, children, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיִּרְא֨וּ כָֽל־הַמְּלָכִ֜ים עַבְדֵ֣י הֲדַדְעֶ֗זֶר כִּ֤י נִגְּפוּ֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיַּשְׁלִ֥מוּ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וַיַּֽעַבְד֑וּם וַיִּֽרְא֣וּ אֲרָ֔ם לְהוֹשִׁ֥יעַ ע֖וֹד אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י עַמּֽוֹן׃פ

And when all the kings that were servants to Hadadezer saw that they were put to the worse before Israel, they made peace with Israel, and served them. So the Arameans feared to help the children of Ammon any more.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יִּרְא֨וּ	cc	and
2	יִּרְא֨וּ	רָאָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	root	root	they saw
3	כָֽל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יִּרְא֨וּ	nsubj	all
4	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	5 מְּלָכִ֜ים	det	the
5	מְּלָכִ֜ים	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	3 כָֽל־	compound:smixut	kings
6	עַבְדֵ֣י	עֶבֶד	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	5 מְּלָכִ֜ים	appos	the servants
7	הֲדַדְעֶ֗זֶר	הֲדַדְעֶזֶר	PROPN	_	6 עַבְדֵ֣י	compound:smixut	of Hadadezer
8	כִּ֤י	כִּי	SCONJ	_	9 נִגְּפוּ֙	mark	(dm) that
9	נִגְּפוּ֙	נָגַף	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יִּרְא֨וּ	ccomp	they had been defeated
10	לִ	לְ	ADP	_	11 פְנֵ֣י	case	before
11	פְנֵ֣י	פָּנֶה	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 נִגְּפוּ֙	obl
12	יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל	יִשְׂרָאֵל	PROPN	_	11 פְנֵ֣י	compound:smixut	Israel
13	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	14 יַּשְׁלִ֥מוּ	cc	and
14	יַּשְׁלִ֥מוּ	שָׁלֵם	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יִּרְא֨וּ	conj	they made peace
15	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	16 יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל	case	with
16	יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל	יִשְׂרָאֵל	PROPN	_	14 יַּשְׁלִ֥מוּ	obl	Israel
17	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	18 יַּֽעַבְד֑וּ	cc	and
18	יַּֽעַבְד֑וּ	עָבַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יִּרְא֨וּ	conj	they
19	ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 יַּֽעַבְד֑וּ	obj	served them
20	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	21 יִּֽרְא֣וּ	cc	and
21	יִּֽרְא֣וּ	יָרֵא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יִּרְא֨וּ	conj	they were afraid
22	אֲרָ֔ם	אֲרָם	PROPN	_	21 יִּֽרְא֣וּ	nsubj	Aram
23	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	24 הוֹשִׁ֥יעַ	case	to
24	הוֹשִׁ֥יעַ	יָשַׁע	VERB	HebBinyan=HIPHIL	21 יִּֽרְא֣וּ	advcl	deliver
25	ע֖וֹד	עוֹד	ADV	_	24 הוֹשִׁ֥יעַ	advmod	again
26	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	27 בְּנֵ֥י	case	(et)
27	בְּנֵ֥י	בֵּן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	24 הוֹשִׁ֥יעַ	obj	the people
28	עַמּֽוֹן	עַמּוֹן	PROPN	_	27 בְּנֵ֥י	compound:smixut	of Ammon
29	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	28 עַמּֽוֹן	punct
30	פ	פ	PUNCT	_	28 עַמּֽוֹן	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	who makes it happen (AA)
יִּרְאוּ they saw	wayyiqtol · qal	מְּלָכִים kings	נִגְּפוּ they had been defeated
נִגְּפוּ they had been defeated	qatal · niphal		מְּלָכִים kings
יַּשְׁלִמוּ they made peace	wayyiqtol · hiphil	מְּלָכִים kings
יַּֽעַבְדוּ they	wayyiqtol · qal	מְּלָכִים kings	ם served them
יִּֽרְאוּ they were afraid	wayyiqtol · qal	אֲרָם Aram
הוֹשִׁיעַ deliver	infinitive construct · hiphil	בְּנֵי the people		אֲרָם Aram

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וַחֲזוֹ כָל מַלְכַיָא עַבְדֵי הֲדַדְעֶזֶר אֲרֵי אִתְבָּרוּ קֳדָם יִשְׂרָאֵל וְאַשְׁלִימוּ עִם יִשְׂרָאֵל וּפַלְחוּנוּן וּדְחִילוּ אֱנַשׁ אֲרָם לְמִפְרַק עוֹד יַת בְּנֵי עַמוֹן:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:2SA:236.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.10.19/