2 Samuel 10:18 שְׁמוּאֵל ב

Who acts: Arameans, David · What happens: flee, slay, smite, die · To what, where: hundred drivers, Shobach

This is 2 Samuel 10:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Arameans, David — and what happens in the verse to hundred drivers, Shobach, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיָּ֣נָס אֲרָם֮ מִפְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ וַיַּהֲרֹ֨ג דָּוִ֜ד מֵאֲרָ֗ם שְׁבַ֤ע מֵאוֹת֙ רֶ֔כֶב וְאַרְבָּעִ֥ים אֶ֖לֶף פָּרָשִׁ֑ים וְאֵ֨ת שׁוֹבַ֧ךְ שַׂר־צְבָא֛וֹ הִכָּ֖ה וַיָּ֥מָת שָֽׁם׃

And the Arameans fled before Israel; and David slew of the Arameans seven hundred drivers of chariots, and forty thousand horsemen, and smote Shobach the captain of their host, so that he died there.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יָּ֣נָס	cc	and
2	יָּ֣נָס	נוּס	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	it fled
3	אֲרָם֮	אֲרָם	PROPN	_	2 יָּ֣נָס	nsubj	Aram
4	מִ	מִן	ADP	_	5 פְּנֵ֣י	case	from
5	פְּנֵ֣י	פָּנֶה	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 יָּ֣נָס	obl	before
6	יִשְׂרָאֵל֒	יִשְׂרָאֵל	PROPN	_	5 פְּנֵ֣י	compound:smixut	Israel
7	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	8 יַּהֲרֹ֨ג	cc	and
8	יַּהֲרֹ֨ג	הָרַג	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יָּ֣נָס	conj	he killed
9	דָּוִ֜ד	דָּוִד	PROPN	_	8 יַּהֲרֹ֨ג	nsubj	David
10	מֵ	מִן	ADP	_	11 אֲרָ֗ם	case	of
11	אֲרָ֗ם	אֲרָם	PROPN	_	8 יַּהֲרֹ֨ג	obl	Aram
12	שְׁבַ֤ע	שֶׁבַע	NUM	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	14 רֶ֔כֶב	nummod	seven
13	מֵאוֹת֙	מֵאָה	NUM	Number=Plur	12 שְׁבַ֤ע	flat	hundred(s)
14	רֶ֔כֶב	רֶכֶב	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	8 יַּהֲרֹ֨ג	obj	charioteer[s]
15	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	18 פָּרָשִׁ֑ים	cc	and
16	אַרְבָּעִ֥ים	אַרְבַּע	NUM	Number=Plur	18 פָּרָשִׁ֑ים	nummod	forty
17	אֶ֖לֶף	אֶלֶף	NUM	Number=Sing	16 אַרְבָּעִ֥ים	flat	thousand
18	פָּרָשִׁ֑ים	פָּרָשׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	14 רֶ֔כֶב	conj	horsemen
19	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	25 הִכָּ֖ה	cc	and
20	אֵ֨ת	אֵת	ADP	_	21 שׁוֹבַ֧ךְ	case	(et)
21	שׁוֹבַ֧ךְ	שׁוֹבַךְ	PROPN	_	25 הִכָּ֖ה	obj	Shobach
22	שַׂר־	שַׂר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	21 שׁוֹבַ֧ךְ	appos	the commander
23	צְבָא	צָבָא	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 שַׂר־	compound:smixut	its army
24	֛וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	23 צְבָא	nmod:poss	his
25	הִכָּ֖ה	נָכָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יָּ֣נָס	conj	he struck down
26	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	27 יָּ֥מָת	cc	and
27	יָּ֥מָת	מוּת	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יָּ֣נָס	conj	he died
28	שָֽׁם	שָׁם	ADV	_	27 יָּ֥מָת	advmod	there
29	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	28 שָֽׁם	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	who makes it happen (AA)
יָּנָס it fled	wayyiqtol · qal	אֲרָם Aram
יַּהֲרֹג he killed	wayyiqtol · qal	דָּוִד David	רֶכֶב charioteer[s] + פָּרָשִׁים horsemen
הִכָּה he struck down	qatal · hiphil	שׁוֹבַךְ Shobach		דָּוִד David
יָּמָת he died	wayyiqtol · qal	שׁוֹבַךְ Shobach

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וְאַפָּכוּ אֱנַשׁ אֲרָם מִן קֳדָם יִשְׂרָאֵל וּקְטַל דָוִד מֵאֲרָם שְׁבַע מְאָה רְתִיכִין וְאַרְבְּעִין אַלְפִין פָּרָשִׁין וְיַת שׁוֹבָךְ רַב חֵילֵיהּ מְחוֹ וּמִית תַּמָן:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And the Arameans fled before Israel; and David slew of the Arameans seven hundred drivers of chariots, and forty thousand horsemen, and smote Shobach the captain of their host, so that he died there.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:2SA:235.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.10.18/