2 Samuel 10:17 שְׁמוּאֵל ב

Who acts: David, Arameans · What happens: tell, gather, pass, come, set, fight · To what, where: River, David, Israel, Jordan, Helam, Arameans · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is 2 Samuel 10:17 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — David, Arameans — and what happens in the verse to River, David, Israel, Jordan, Helam, Arameans, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיֻּגַּ֣ד לְדָוִ֗דס וַיֶּאֱסֹ֤ף אֶת־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וַיַּעֲבֹ֣ר אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן וַיָּבֹ֖א חֵלָ֑אמָה וַיַּעַרְכ֤וּ אֲרָם֙ לִקְרַ֣את דָּוִ֔ד וַיִּלָּחֲמ֖וּ עִמּֽוֹ׃

And it was told David; and he gathered all Israel together, and passed over the Jordan, and came to Helam. And the Arameans set themselves in array against David, and fought with him.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יֻּגַּ֣ד	cc	and
2	יֻּגַּ֣ד	נָגַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HOPHAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	it was told
3	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	4 דָוִ֗ד	case	to
4	דָוִ֗ד	דָּוִד	PROPN	_	2 יֻּגַּ֣ד	obl	David
5	ס	ס	PUNCT	_	4 דָוִ֗ד	punct
6	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	7 יֶּאֱסֹ֤ף	cc	and
7	יֶּאֱסֹ֤ף	אָסַף	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יֻּגַּ֣ד	conj	he gathered
8	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	9 כָּל־	case	(et)
9	כָּל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	7 יֶּאֱסֹ֤ף	obj	all
10	יִשְׂרָאֵל֙	יִשְׂרָאֵל	PROPN	_	9 כָּל־	compound:smixut	Israel
11	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	12 יַּעֲבֹ֣ר	cc	and
12	יַּעֲבֹ֣ר	עָבַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יֻּגַּ֣ד	conj	he passed over
13	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	15 יַּרְדֵּ֔ן	case	(et)
14	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	15 יַּרְדֵּ֔ן	det	the
15	יַּרְדֵּ֔ן	יַרְדֵּן	PROPN	_	12 יַּעֲבֹ֣ר	obl	Jordan
16	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	17 יָּבֹ֖א	cc	and
17	יָּבֹ֖א	בּוֹא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יֻּגַּ֣ד	conj	he came
18	חֵלָ֑אמ	חֵילָם	PROPN	_	17 יָּבֹ֖א	obl	to
19	ָה	ה	X	_	18 חֵלָ֑אמ	nmod	Helam
20	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	21 יַּעַרְכ֤וּ	cc	and
21	יַּעַרְכ֤וּ	עָרַךְ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יֻּגַּ֣ד	conj	they deployed
22	אֲרָם֙	אֲרָם	PROPN	_	21 יַּעַרְכ֤וּ	nsubj	Aram
23	לִ	לְ	ADP	_	24 קְרַ֣את	case	to
24	קְרַ֣את	קרא	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	21 יַּעַרְכ֤וּ	advcl	meet
25	דָּוִ֔ד	דָּוִד	PROPN	_	24 קְרַ֣את	obj	David
26	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	27 יִּלָּחֲמ֖וּ	cc	and
27	יִּלָּחֲמ֖וּ	לָחַם	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יֻּגַּ֣ד	conj	they engaged in battle
28	עִמּ	עִם	ADP	_	29 ֽוֹ	case	with
29	ֽוֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	27 יִּלָּחֲמ֖וּ	obl	him
30	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	29 ֽוֹ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יֶּאֱסֹף he gathered	wayyiqtol · qal	דָוִד David	וַ and
יַּעֲבֹר he passed over	wayyiqtol · qal	דָוִד David
יָּבֹא he came	wayyiqtol · qal	דָוִד David
יַּעַרְכוּ they deployed	wayyiqtol · qal	לִ to
קְרַאת meet	infinitive construct · qal	לִ to	וַ and
יִּלָּחֲמוּ they engaged in battle	wayyiqtol · niphal	לִ to

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וְאִיתְחַוָא לְדָוִד וּכְנַשׁ יַת כָּל יִשְׂרָאֵל וַעֲבַר יַת יַרְדְנָא וַאֲתוֹ לְחֵלָם וְסַדָרוּ אֱנַשׁ אֲרָם לְקֳדָמוּת דָוִד וְאַגִיחוּ קְרָבָא עִמֵיהּ:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:2SA:234.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.10.17/