2 Samuel 10:16 שְׁמוּאֵל ב

Who acts: Hadadezer, Arameans · What happens: send, bring out, be, come · To what, where: Arameans, Helam

This is 2 Samuel 10:16 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Hadadezer, Arameans — and what happens in the verse to Arameans, Helam, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח הֲדַדְעֶ֗זֶר וַיֹּצֵ֤א אֶת־אֲרָם֙ אֲשֶׁר֙ מֵעֵ֣בֶר הַנָּהָ֔ר וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ חֵילָ֑ם וְשׁוֹבַ֛ךְ שַׂר־צְבָ֥א הֲדַדְעֶ֖זֶר לִפְנֵיהֶֽם׃

And Hadadezer sent, and brought out the Arameans that were beyond the River; and they came to Helam, with Shobach the captain of the host of Hadadezer at their head.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יִּשְׁלַ֣ח	cc	and
2	יִּשְׁלַ֣ח	שָׁלַח	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he sent
3	הֲדַדְעֶ֗זֶר	הֲדַדְעֶזֶר	PROPN	_	2 יִּשְׁלַ֣ח	nsubj	Hadadezer
4	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	5 יֹּצֵ֤א	cc	and
5	יֹּצֵ֤א	יָצָא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יִּשְׁלַ֣ח	conj	he brought out
6	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	7 אֲרָם֙	case	(et)
7	אֲרָם֙	אֲרָם	PROPN	_	5 יֹּצֵ֤א	obj	Aram
8	אֲשֶׁר֙	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	10 עֵ֣בֶר	mark	which
9	מֵ	מִן	ADP	_	10 עֵ֣בֶר	case	[was] from
10	עֵ֣בֶר	עֵבֶר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	7 אֲרָם֙	acl:relcl	the other side
11	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	12 נָּהָ֔ר	det	of
12	נָּהָ֔ר	נָהָר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	10 עֵ֣בֶר	compound:smixut	the River
13	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	14 יָּבֹ֖אוּ	cc	and
14	יָּבֹ֖אוּ	בּוֹא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יִּשְׁלַ֣ח	conj	they came
15	חֵילָ֑ם	חֵילָם	PROPN	_	14 יָּבֹ֖אוּ	obl	Helam
16	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	22 פְנֵי	cc	and
17	שׁוֹבַ֛ךְ	שׁוֹבַךְ	PROPN	_	22 פְנֵי	nsubj	Shobach
18	שַׂר־	שַׂר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	17 שׁוֹבַ֛ךְ	appos	the commander
19	צְבָ֥א	צָבָא	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 שַׂר־	compound:smixut	of the army
20	הֲדַדְעֶ֖זֶר	הֲדַדְעֶזֶר	PROPN	_	19 צְבָ֥א	compound:smixut	of Hadadezer
21	לִ	לְ	ADP	_	22 פְנֵי	case	[was]
22	פְנֵי	פָּנֶה	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 יִּשְׁלַ֣ח	conj	before
23	הֶֽם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	22 פְנֵי	nmod:poss	them
24	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	23 הֶֽם	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	who makes it happen (AA)
יִּשְׁלַח he sent	wayyiqtol · qal	הֲדַדְעֶזֶר Hadadezer
יֹּצֵא he brought out	wayyiqtol · hiphil	אֲרָם Aram	הֲדַדְעֶזֶר Hadadezer
יָּבֹאוּ they came	wayyiqtol · qal	אֲרָם Aram

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וּשְׁלַח הֲדַדְעֶזֶר וְאַפֵּיק יַת אֱנַשׁ אֲרָם דְמֵעִבַּר פְּרָת וַאֲתוֹ לְחֵילָם וְשׁוֹבַךְ רַב חֵילָא דְהֲדַדְעֶזֶר קֳדָמֵיהוֹן:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And Hadadezer sent, and brought out the Arameans that were beyond the River; and they came to Helam, with Shobach the captain of the host of Hadadezer at their head.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:2SA:233.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.10.16/