2 Samuel 10:15 שְׁמוּאֵל ב
Who acts: Arameans · What happens: see, put, gather · To what, where: Arameans · Speech: someone speaks in this verse
This is 2 Samuel 10:15 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Arameans — and what happens in the verse to Arameans, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
וַיַּ֣רְא אֲרָ֔ם כִּ֥י נִגַּ֖ף לִפְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיֵּאָסְפ֖וּ יָֽחַד׃
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | וַ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 2 יַּ֣רְא | cc | and |
| 2 | יַּ֣רְא | רָאָה | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3 | root | root | it saw |
| 3 | אֲרָ֔ם | אֲרָם | PROPN | _ | 2 יַּ֣רְא | nsubj | Aram |
| 4 | כִּ֥י | כִּי | SCONJ | _ | 5 נִגַּ֖ף | mark | (dm) that |
| 5 | נִגַּ֖ף | נָגַף | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Sing Person=3 | 2 יַּ֣רְא | ccomp | it had been defeated |
| 6 | לִ | לְ | ADP | _ | 7 פְנֵ֣י | case | before |
| 7 | פְנֵ֣י | פָּנֶה | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 נִגַּ֖ף | obl | |
| 8 | יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל | יִשְׂרָאֵל | PROPN | _ | 7 פְנֵ֣י | compound:smixut | Israel |
| 9 | וַ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 10 יֵּאָסְפ֖וּ | cc | and |
| 10 | יֵּאָסְפ֖וּ | אָסַף | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Plur Person=3 | 2 יַּ֣רְא | conj | they gathered themselves |
| 11 | יָֽחַד | יַחַד | ADV | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 10 יֵּאָסְפ֖וּ | advmod | together |
| 12 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 11 יָֽחַד | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- speech
- narration
- negation
- no
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| יַּרְא it saw | wayyiqtol · qal | אֲרָם Aram | נִגַּף it had been defeated | ||
| נִגַּף it had been defeated | qatal · niphal | אֲרָם Aram | |||
| יֵּאָסְפוּ they gathered themselves | wayyiqtol · niphal | אֲרָם Aram |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
Targum Jonathan
וַחֲזוֹ אֱנַשׁ אֲרָם אֲרֵי אִתְבָּרוּ קֳדָם יִשְׂרָאֵל וְאִתְכְּנִישׁוּ כַּחֲדָא:
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:2SA:232.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.10.15/