2 Samuel 10:14 שְׁמוּאֵל ב

Who acts: children, Arameans, Joab · What happens: see, flee, enter, return, come · To what, where: Arameans, city, Jerusalem · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is 2 Samuel 10:14 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — children, Arameans, Joab — and what happens in the verse to Arameans, city, Jerusalem, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וּבְנֵ֨י עַמּ֤וֹן רָאוּ֙ כִּי־נָ֣ס אֲרָ֔ם וַיָּנֻ֙סוּ֙ מִפְּנֵ֣י אֲבִישַׁ֔י וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ הָעִ֑יר וַיָּ֣שָׁב יוֹאָ֗ב מֵעַל֙ בְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֔וֹן וַיָּבֹ֖א יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃

And when the children of Ammon saw that the Arameans were fled, they likewise fled before Abishai, and entered into the city. Then Joab returned from the children of Ammon, and came to Jerusalem.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	4 רָאוּ֙	cc	and
2	בְנֵ֨י	בֵּן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	4 רָאוּ֙	nsubj	the people
3	עַמּ֤וֹן	עַמּוֹן	PROPN	_	2 בְנֵ֨י	compound:smixut	of Ammon
4	רָאוּ֙	רָאָה	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	root	root	they saw
5	כִּי־	כִּי	SCONJ	_	6 נָ֣ס	mark	(dm) that
6	נָ֣ס	נוּס	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	4 רָאוּ֙	ccomp	it had fled
7	אֲרָ֔ם	אֲרָם	PROPN	_	6 נָ֣ס	nsubj	Aram
8	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	9 יָּנֻ֙סוּ֙	cc	and
9	יָּנֻ֙סוּ֙	נוּס	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	4 רָאוּ֙	conj	they fled
10	מִ	מִן	ADP	_	11 פְּנֵ֣י	case	from
11	פְּנֵ֣י	פָּנֶה	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 יָּנֻ֙סוּ֙	obl	before
12	אֲבִישַׁ֔י	אֲבִישַׁי	PROPN	_	11 פְּנֵ֣י	compound:smixut	Abishai
13	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	14 יָּבֹ֖אוּ	cc	and
14	יָּבֹ֖אוּ	בּוֹא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	4 רָאוּ֙	conj	they went
15	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	16 עִ֑יר	det	the
16	עִ֑יר	עִיר	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	14 יָּבֹ֖אוּ	obl	city
17	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	18 יָּ֣שָׁב	cc	and
18	יָּ֣שָׁב	שׁוּב	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	4 רָאוּ֙	conj	he returned
19	יוֹאָ֗ב	יוֹאָב	PROPN	_	18 יָּ֣שָׁב	nsubj	Joab
20	מֵ	מִן	ADP	_	22 בְּנֵ֣י	case	from
21	עַל֙	עַל	ADP	_	22 בְּנֵ֣י	case	on
22	בְּנֵ֣י	בֵּן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	18 יָּ֣שָׁב	obl	the people
23	עַמּ֔וֹן	עַמּוֹן	PROPN	_	22 בְּנֵ֣י	compound:smixut	of Ammon
24	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	25 יָּבֹ֖א	cc	and
25	יָּבֹ֖א	בּוֹא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	4 רָאוּ֙	conj	he went
26	יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם	יְרוּשָׁלִַ͏ם	PROPN	_	25 יָּבֹ֖א	obl	Jerusalem
27	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	26 יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
רָאוּ they saw	qatal · qal	בְנֵי the people	נָס it had fled
נָס it had fled	qatal · qal	אֲרָם Aram
יָּנֻסוּ they fled	wayyiqtol · qal	בְנֵי the people
יָּבֹאוּ they went	wayyiqtol · qal	בְנֵי the people
יָּשָׁב he returned	wayyiqtol · qal	יוֹאָב Joab
יָּבֹא he went	wayyiqtol · qal	יוֹאָב Joab

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וּבְנֵי עַמוֹן חֲזוֹ אֲרֵי אַפָכוּ אֱנַשׁ אֲרָם וַעֲרָקוּ מִן קֳדָם אֲבִישַׁי וַאֲתוֹ לְקַרְתָּא וְתַב יוֹאָב מִלְוַת בְנֵי עַמוֹן וַאֲתָא לִירוּשְׁלֵם:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:2SA:231.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.10.14/