2 Samuel 10:13 שְׁמוּאֵל ב

Who acts: people, Joab · What happens: be, draw, flee

This is 2 Samuel 10:13 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — people, Joab — and what happens in the verse, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיִּגַּ֣שׁ יוֹאָ֗ב וְהָעָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עִמּ֔וֹ לַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה בַּֽאֲרָ֑ם וַיָּנֻ֖סוּ מִפָּנָֽיו׃

So Joab and the people that were with him drew nigh unto the battle against the Arameans; and they fled before him.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יִּגַּ֣שׁ	cc	and
2	יִּגַּ֣שׁ	נָגַשׁ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he drew near
3	יוֹאָ֗ב	יוֹאָב	PROPN	_	2 יִּגַּ֣שׁ	nsubj	Joab
4	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	6 עָם֙	cc	and
5	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	6 עָם֙	det	the
6	עָם֙	עַם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	3 יוֹאָ֗ב	conj	people
7	אֲשֶׁ֣ר	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	9 ֔וֹ	mark	which
8	עִמּ	עִם	ADP	_	9 ֔וֹ	case	[was] with
9	֔וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 עָם֙	acl:relcl	him
10	לַ	לְ	ADP	_	12 מִּלְחָמָ֖ה	case	for
11	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	12 מִּלְחָמָ֖ה	det	(the)
12	מִּלְחָמָ֖ה	מִלְחָמָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	2 יִּגַּ֣שׁ	obl	battle
13	בַּֽ	בְּ	ADP	_	14 אֲרָ֑ם	case	on
14	אֲרָ֑ם	אֲרָם	PROPN	_	2 יִּגַּ֣שׁ	obl	Aram
15	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	16 יָּנֻ֖סוּ	cc	and
16	יָּנֻ֖סוּ	נוּס	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יִּגַּ֣שׁ	conj	they fled
17	מִ	מִן	ADP	_	18 פָּנָֽי	case	from
18	פָּנָֽי	פָּנֶה	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 יָּנֻ֖סוּ	obl	before
19	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 פָּנָֽי	nmod:poss	him
20	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	19 ו	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	to whom, further (A2)	who makes it happen (AA)
יִּגַּשׁ he drew near	wayyiqtol · qal	יוֹאָב Joab + עָם people
יָּנֻסוּ they fled	wayyiqtol · qal	אֲרָם Aram

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וּקְרֵיב יוֹאָב וְעַמָא דִי עִמֵיהּ לְאַגָחָא קְרָבָא בֶּאֱנַשׁ אֲרָם וְאַפִּיכוּ מִן קֳדָמוֹהִי:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

So Joab and the people that were with him drew nigh unto the battle against the Arameans; and they fled before him.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:2SA:230.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.10.13/