2 Samuel 12:23 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2
But now he is dead, wherefore should I fast? can I bring him back again?
Who acts: David, I · What happens: be, fast, bring back · To what, where: David
This is 2 Samuel 12:23 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (David, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 5 dead | cc |
| 2 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 5 dead | advmod |
| 3 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 dead | nsubj |
| 4 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 dead | cop |
| 5 | dead | dead | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 fast | punct |
| 7 | wherefore | wherefore | ADV | PronType=Int | 10 fast | advmod |
| 8 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 10 fast | aux |
| 9 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 10 fast | nsubj |
| 10 | fast | fast | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 dead | parataxis |
| 11 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 5 dead | punct |
| 12 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 14 bring | aux |
| 13 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 14 bring | nsubj |
| 14 | bring | bring | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 dead | parataxis |
| 15 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 bring | obj |
| 16 | back | back | ADV | _ | 14 bring | advmod |
| 17 | again | again | ADV | _ | 14 bring | advmod |
| 18 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 5 dead | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- yes/no question
- act
- express
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- neg
- teacher
- changed act=express
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | David | now | dead property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | fast | should | I | wherefore property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | bring back | can | I | David | again | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument he=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וְעַתָּ֣ה ׀ מֵ֗ת לָ֤מָּה זֶּה֙ אֲנִ֣י צָ֔ם הַאוּכַ֥ל לַהֲשִׁיב֖וֹ ע֑וֹד אֲנִי֙ הֹלֵ֣ךְ אֵלָ֔יו וְה֖וּא לֹֽא־יָשׁ֥וּב אֵלָֽי׃
2 Samuel 12:23: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
This verse in JPS 1917:
- But now he is dead, wherefore should I fast? can I bring him back again?
- I shall go to him, but he will not return to me.'
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:2SA:325 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.325/