2 Samuel 15:19 · JPS 1917
Then said the king to Ittai the Gittite: 'Wherefore goest thou also with us? return, and abide with the king; for thou art a foreigner, and also an exile from thine own place.
Who acts: king, thou · What happens: say, go, return, abide, be · To what, where: Ittai, foreigner · Speech: someone speaks here
This is 2 Samuel 15:19 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (king, thou), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 2 said | advmod |
| 2 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 king | det |
| 4 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 said | nsubj |
| 5 | to | to | ADP | _ | 6 Ittai | case |
| 6 | Ittai | Ittai | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 said | obl |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 Gittite | det |
| 8 | Gittite | Gittite | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 Ittai | appos |
| 9 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 12 goest | punct |
| 10 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 12 goest | punct |
| 11 | Wherefore | wherefore | ADV | PronType=Int | 12 goest | advmod |
| 12 | goest | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 said | ccomp |
| 13 | thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 12 goest | nsubj |
| 14 | also | also | ADV | _ | 12 goest | advmod |
| 15 | with | with | ADP | _ | 16 us | case |
| 16 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 12 goest | obl |
| 17 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 12 goest | punct |
| 18 | return | return | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 goest | parataxis |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 abide | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 abide | cc |
| 21 | abide | abide | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 18 return | conj |
| 22 | with | with | ADP | _ | 24 king | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 king | det |
| 24 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 abide | obl |
| 25 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 30 foreigner | punct |
| 26 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 30 foreigner | mark |
| 27 | thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 30 foreigner | nsubj |
| 28 | art | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 30 foreigner | cop |
| 29 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 30 foreigner | det |
| 30 | foreigner | foreigner | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 return | advcl |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 exile | punct |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 exile | cc |
| 33 | also | also | ADV | _ | 35 exile | advmod |
| 34 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 35 exile | det |
| 35 | exile | exile | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 foreigner | conj |
| 36 | from | from | ADP | _ | 39 place | case |
| 37 | thine | thy | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 39 place | nmod:poss |
| 38 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 place | amod |
| 39 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 exile | nmod |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 said | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- command
- act
- offer
- voice
- character
- polarity
- neg
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | the king | Ittai | then | vn indicate-78-1 «NP V PP.recipient that S»: agent=Pivot to ittai=Experiencer clause=Topic | |||
| 2 | go | present | thou | with us; wherefore property | vn help-72.1-2 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent with we=Beneficiary | ||||
| 3 | return | infinitive | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 4 | abide | infinitive | with the king | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | is a | present | thou | a foreigner and a exile from thine own place | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ אֶל־אִתַּ֣י הַגִּתִּ֔י לָ֧מָּה תֵלֵ֛ךְ גַּם־אַתָּ֖ה אִתָּ֑נוּ שׁ֣וּב וְשֵׁ֤ב עִם־הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ כִּֽי־נָכְרִ֣י אַ֔תָּה וְגַם־גֹּלֶ֥ה אַתָּ֖ה לִמְקוֹמֶֽךָ׃
2 Samuel 15:19: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:2SA:438 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.438/