2 Samuel 18:3 · JPS 1917
But the people said: 'Thou shalt not go forth; for if we flee away, they will not care for us; neither if half of us die, will they care for us; but thou art worth ten thousand of us: therefore now it is better that thou be ready to succour us out of the city.'
Who acts: people, Thou, we, half · What happens: say, not go, flee away, not care, die, care · To what, where: us, city · Speech: someone speaks here
This is 2 Samuel 18:3 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, Thou, we, half), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 4 said | cc |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 people | det |
| 3 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 said | nsubj |
| 4 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 10 go | punct |
| 6 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 10 go | punct |
| 7 | Thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 10 go | nsubj |
| 8 | shalt | shall | AUX | Style=Arch VerbForm=Fin | 10 go | aux |
| 9 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 10 go | advmod |
| 10 | go | go | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 said | ccomp |
| 11 | forth | forth | ADV | _ | 10 go | advmod |
| 12 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 22 care | punct |
| 13 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 22 care | mark |
| 14 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 16 flee | mark |
| 15 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 16 flee | nsubj |
| 16 | flee | flee | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 care | advcl |
| 17 | away | away | ADV | _ | 16 flee | advmod |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 flee | punct |
| 19 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 care | nsubj |
| 20 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 22 care | aux |
| 21 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 22 care | advmod |
| 22 | care | care | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 said | ccomp |
| 23 | for | for | ADP | _ | 24 us | case |
| 24 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 22 care | obl |
| 25 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 35 care | punct |
| 26 | neither | neither | CCONJ | Polarity=Neg | 35 care | cc |
| 27 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 31 die | mark |
| 28 | half | half | NOUN | Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac | 31 die | nsubj |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 30 us | case |
| 30 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 28 half | nmod |
| 31 | die | die | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 35 care | advcl |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 die | punct |
| 33 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 35 care | aux |
| 34 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 35 care | nsubj |
| 35 | care | care | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 said | parataxis |
| 36 | for | for | ADP | _ | 37 us | case |
| 37 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 35 care | obl |
| 38 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 42 worth | punct |
| 39 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 42 worth | cc |
| 40 | thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 42 worth | nsubj |
| 41 | art | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 42 worth | cop |
| 42 | worth | worth | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 care | conj |
| 43 | ten | ten | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 44 thousand | nummod |
| 44 | thousand | thousand | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 42 worth | obl:unmarked |
| 45 | of | of | ADP | _ | 46 us | case |
| 46 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 44 thousand | nmod |
| 47 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 52 better | punct |
| 48 | therefore | therefore | ADV | _ | 52 better | advmod |
| 49 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 52 better | advmod |
| 50 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 52 better | expl |
| 51 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 52 better | cop |
| 52 | better | good | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 22 care | parataxis |
| 53 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 56 ready | mark |
| 54 | thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 56 ready | nsubj |
| 55 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 56 ready | cop |
| 56 | ready | ready | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 52 better | csubj |
| 57 | to | to | PART | _ | 58 succour | mark |
| 58 | succour | succour | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 56 ready | xcomp |
| 59 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 58 succour | obj |
| 60 | out | out | ADP | _ | 63 city | case |
| 61 | of | of | ADP | _ | 60 out | fixed |
| 62 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 63 city | det |
| 63 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 58 succour | obl |
| 64 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 said | punct |
| 65 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 4 said | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- suggest
- voice
- character
- polarity
- neg
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | the people | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | not go | shall | Thou | forth property | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | flee away a condition, not said to happen | present | we | away property | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | not care | future | people | for us | vn caring-75.2-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent for we=Theme | ||||
| 5 | die a condition, not said to happen | present | half of us | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | |||||
| 6 | care | future | people | for us | vn caring-75.2-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent for we=Theme | ||||
| 7 | is | present | thou | ten thousand of us obl:unmarked; worth property | tree rules | ||||
| 8 | is | present | now | good, therefore property | tree rules | ||||
| 9 | is | infinitive | thou | ready property | tree rules | ||||
| 10 | succour | to-infinitive | thou not said here | us | the city | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וַיֹּ֨אמֶר הָעָ֜ם לֹ֣א תֵצֵ֗א כִּי֩ אִם־נֹ֨ס נָנ֜וּס לֹא־יָשִׂ֧ימוּ אֵלֵ֣ינוּ לֵ֗ב וְאִם־יָמֻ֤תוּ חֶצְיֵ֙נוּ֙ לֹֽא־יָשִׂ֤ימוּ אֵלֵ֙ינוּ֙ לֵ֔ב כִּֽי־עַתָּ֥ה כָמֹ֖נוּ עֲשָׂרָ֣ה אֲלָפִ֑ים וְעַתָּ֣ה ט֔וֹב כִּי־תִֽהְיֶה־לָּ֥נוּ מֵעִ֖יר לַעְזֽוֹר׃ס
2 Samuel 18:3: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:2SA:514 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.514/