2 Samuel 18:31 · JPS 1917
And, behold, the Cushite came; and the Cushite said: 'Tidings for my lord the king; for the LORD hath avenged thee this day of all them that rose up against thee.'
Who acts: Cushite, LORD · What happens: come, say, avenge, rise up · To what, where: thee · Speech: someone speaks here
This is 2 Samuel 18:31 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Cushite, LORD), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 came | cc |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 behold | punct |
| 3 | behold | behold | INTJ | _ | 7 came | discourse |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 behold | punct |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 Cushite | det |
| 6 | Cushite | Cushite | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 came | nsubj |
| 7 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 12 said | punct |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 said | cc |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 Cushite | det |
| 11 | Cushite | Cushite | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 said | nsubj |
| 12 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 came | conj |
| 13 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 15 Tidings | punct |
| 14 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 15 Tidings | punct |
| 15 | Tidings | tiding | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 said | ccomp |
| 16 | for | for | ADP | _ | 18 lord | case |
| 17 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 lord | nmod:poss |
| 18 | lord | lord | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 Tidings | nmod |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 king | det |
| 20 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 lord | appos |
| 21 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 26 avenged | punct |
| 22 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 26 avenged | mark |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 LORD | det |
| 24 | LORD | LORD | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 avenged | nsubj |
| 25 | hath | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 avenged | aux |
| 26 | avenged | avenge | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 12 said | advcl |
| 27 | thee | thou | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 26 avenged | obj |
| 28 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 29 day | det |
| 29 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 avenged | obl:unmarked |
| 30 | of | of | ADP | _ | 32 them | case |
| 31 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 32 them | det:predet |
| 32 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 day | nmod |
| 33 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 34 rose | nsubj |
| 34 | rose | rise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 them | acl:relcl |
| 35 | up | up | ADP | _ | 34 rose | compound:prt |
| 36 | against | against | ADP | _ | 37 thee | case |
| 37 | thee | thou | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 34 rose | obl |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 came | punct |
| 39 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 7 came | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- character
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed polarity=none
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come | past | the Cushite | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | the Cushite | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | avenge | present · perfect | the LORD | thee | day | tree rules | |||
| 4 | rise up | past | thee | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent against thou=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וְהִנֵּ֥ה הַכּוּשִׁ֖י בָּ֑א וַיֹּ֣אמֶר הַכּוּשִׁ֗י יִתְבַּשֵּׂר֙ אֲדֹנִ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ כִּֽי־שְׁפָטְךָ֤ יְהוָה֙ הַיּ֔וֹם מִיַּ֖ד כָּל־הַקָּמִ֥ים עָלֶֽיךָ׃ס
2 Samuel 18:31: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:2SA:544 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.544/