2 Samuel 18:31 שְׁמוּאֵל ב

Who acts: Cushite, LORD · What happens: come, say, avenge, rise up · To what, where: thee · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is 2 Samuel 18:31 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Cushite, LORD — and what happens in the verse to thee, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וְהִנֵּ֥ה הַכּוּשִׁ֖י בָּ֑א וַיֹּ֣אמֶר הַכּוּשִׁ֗י יִתְבַּשֵּׂר֙ אֲדֹנִ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ כִּֽי־שְׁפָטְךָ֤ יְהוָה֙ הַיּ֔וֹם מִיַּ֖ד כָּל־הַקָּמִ֥ים עָלֶֽיךָ׃ס

And, behold, the Cushite came; and the Cushite said: 'Tidings for my lord the king; for the LORD hath avenged thee this day of all them that rose up against thee.'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	5 בָּ֑א	cc	and
2	הִנֵּ֥ה	הִנֵּה	INTJ	_	5 בָּ֑א	discourse	here!
3	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	4 כּוּשִׁ֖י	det	the
4	כּוּשִׁ֖י	כֻּשִׁי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	5 בָּ֑א	nsubj	Cushite
5	בָּ֑א	בּוֹא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	[was] coming
6	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	7 יֹּ֣אמֶר	cc	and
7	יֹּ֣אמֶר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	5 בָּ֑א	conj	he said
8	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	9 כּוּשִׁ֗י	det	the
9	כּוּשִׁ֗י	כֻּשִׁי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	7 יֹּ֣אמֶר	nsubj	Cushite
10	יִתְבַּשֵּׂר֙	בָּשַׂר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HITHPAEL Number=Sing Person=3	7 יֹּ֣אמֶר	ccomp	let him receive the news
11	אֲדֹנ	אָדוֹן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	10 יִתְבַּשֵּׂר֙	nsubj	lord
12	ִ֣י	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	11 אֲדֹנ	nmod:poss	my
13	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	14 מֶּ֔לֶךְ	det	the
14	מֶּ֔לֶךְ	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	11 אֲדֹנ	appos	king
15	כִּֽי־	כִּי	SCONJ	_	16 שְׁפָט	mark	(dm)
16	שְׁפָט	שָׁפַט	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	10 יִתְבַּשֵּׂר֙	advcl	he
17	ְךָ֤	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	16 שְׁפָט	obj	has vindicated you
18	יְהוָה֙	יהוה	PROPN	_	16 שְׁפָט	nsubj	Yahweh
19	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	20 יּ֔וֹם	det	this
20	יּ֔וֹם	יוֹם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	16 שְׁפָט	obl	day
21	מִ	מִן	ADP	_	22 יַּ֖ד	case	from
22	יַּ֖ד	יָד	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 שְׁפָט	obl	the hand
23	כָּל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	22 יַּ֖ד	compound:smixut	of all
24	הַ	הַ	SCONJ	_	25 קָּמִ֥ים	mark	[those
25	קָּמִ֥ים	קוּם	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur	23 כָּל־	compound:smixut	who] rose up
26	עָלֶֽי	עַל	ADP	_	27 ךָ	case	on
27	ךָ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	25 קָּמִ֥ים	obl	you
28	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	27 ךָ	punct
29	ס	ס	PUNCT	_	27 ךָ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
the frame alone: decl · assert · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
בָּא [was] coming	qatal · qal	כּוּשִׁי Cushite
יֹּאמֶר he said	wayyiqtol · qal	כּוּשִׁי Cushite
יִתְבַּשֵּׂר let him receive the news	yiqtol · hithpael	אֲדֹנ lord
שְׁפָט he	qatal · qal	יְהוָה Yahweh	ְךָ has vindicated you

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וְהָא כוּשִׁי אֲתָא וַאֲמַר כוּשִׁי יִתְבַּסַר רִבּוֹנִי מַלְכָּא אֲרֵי אִתְפְּרַע לָךְ יְיָ יוֹמָא דֵין מִיַד כָּל דְקָמוּ עֲלָךְ:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And, behold, the Cushite came; and the Cushite said: 'Tidings for my lord the king; for the LORD hath avenged thee this day of all them that rose up against thee.'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:2SA:486.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.18.31/