2 Samuel 20:18 · JPS 1917
Then she spoke, saying: 'They were wont to speak in old time, saying: They shall surely ask counsel at Abel; and so they ended the matter.
Who acts: Beth, women · What happens: speak, say, be, ask, end · To what, where: counsel, Abel, matter · Speech: someone speaks here
This is 2 Samuel 20:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Beth, women), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 spoke | advmod |
| 2 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 spoke | nsubj |
| 3 | spoke | speak | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 saying | punct |
| 5 | saying | say | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 spoke | advcl |
| 6 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 10 wont | punct |
| 7 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 10 wont | punct |
| 8 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 wont | nsubj |
| 9 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 wont | cop |
| 10 | wont | wont | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 saying | ccomp |
| 11 | to | to | PART | _ | 12 speak | mark |
| 12 | speak | speak | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 wont | xcomp |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 time | case |
| 14 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 time | amod |
| 15 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 speak | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 saying | punct |
| 17 | saying | say | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 12 speak | advcl |
| 18 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 22 ask | punct |
| 19 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 ask | nsubj |
| 20 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 22 ask | aux |
| 21 | surely | surely | ADV | _ | 22 ask | advmod |
| 22 | ask | ask | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 17 saying | ccomp |
| 23 | counsel | counsel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 ask | obj |
| 24 | at | at | ADP | _ | 25 Abel | case |
| 25 | Abel | Abel | PROPN | Number=Sing | 22 ask | obl |
| 26 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 30 ended | punct |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 ended | cc |
| 28 | so | so | ADV | _ | 30 ended | advmod |
| 29 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 ended | nsubj |
| 30 | ended | end | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 spoke | conj |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 matter | det |
| 32 | matter | matter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 ended | obj |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 spoke | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- character
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | speak speech: other | past | Beth | then | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | gerund | Beth not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | is | past | women = woman | wont property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | speak speech: other | to-infinitive | women = woman not said here | time | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | say speech: assert | gerund | women = woman not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 6 | ask speech: ask | shall | women = woman | counsel | Abel | surely property | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent counsel=Recipient | ||
| 7 | end | past | women = woman | the matter | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality matter=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וַתֹּ֖אמֶר לֵאמֹ֑ר דַּבֵּ֨ר יְדַבְּר֤וּ בָרִֽאשֹׁנָה֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר שָׁאֹ֧ל יְשָׁאֲל֛וּ בְּאָבֵ֖ל וְכֵ֥ן הֵתַֽמּוּ׃
2 Samuel 20:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:2SA:622 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.622/