2 Samuel 20:18 שְׁמוּאֵל ב

Who acts: Beth, women · What happens: speak, say, be, ask, end · To what, where: counsel, Abel, matter · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is 2 Samuel 20:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Beth, women — and what happens in the verse to counsel, Abel, matter, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַתֹּ֖אמֶר לֵאמֹ֑ר דַּבֵּ֨ר יְדַבְּר֤וּ בָרִֽאשֹׁנָה֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר שָׁאֹ֧ל יְשָׁאֲל֛וּ בְּאָבֵ֖ל וְכֵ֥ן הֵתַֽמּוּ׃

Then she spoke, saying: 'They were wont to speak in old time, saying: They shall surely ask counsel at Abel; and so they ended the matter.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 תֹּ֖אמֶר	cc	and
2	תֹּ֖אמֶר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	she said
3	לֵ	לְ	ADP	ExtPos=SCONJ	6 יְדַבְּר֤וּ	mark	(cmp)
4	אמֹ֑ר	אָמַר	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	3 לֵ	fixed
5	דַּבֵּ֨ר	דָבַר	VERB	HebBinyan=PIEL	6 יְדַבְּר֤וּ	obl:npmod	surely (speak)
6	יְדַבְּר֤וּ	דָבַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Plur Person=3	2 תֹּ֖אמֶר	ccomp	they spoke
7	בָ	בְּ	ADP	_	9 רִֽאשֹׁנָה֙	case	at
8	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	9 רִֽאשֹׁנָה֙	det	the former
9	רִֽאשֹׁנָה֙	רִאשׁוֹן	ADJ	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	6 יְדַבְּר֤וּ	obl	[time]
10	לֵ	לְ	ADP	ExtPos=SCONJ	13 יְשָׁאֲל֛וּ	mark	(cmp)
11	אמֹ֔ר	אָמַר	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	10 לֵ	fixed
12	שָׁאֹ֧ל	שָׁאַל	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	13 יְשָׁאֲל֛וּ	obl:npmod	really (ask)
13	יְשָׁאֲל֛וּ	שָׁאַל	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Plur Person=3	6 יְדַבְּר֤וּ	ccomp	they will ask
14	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	15 אָבֵ֖ל	case	at
15	אָבֵ֖ל	אָבֵל	PROPN	_	13 יְשָׁאֲל֛וּ	obl	Abel
16	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	18 הֵתַֽמּוּ	cc	and
17	כֵ֥ן	כֵּן	ADV	_	18 הֵתַֽמּוּ	advmod	thus
18	הֵתַֽמּוּ	תָּמַם	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Plur Person=3	13 יְשָׁאֲל֛וּ	conj	they ceased
19	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	18 הֵתַֽמּוּ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	to whom, further (A2)	who makes it happen (AA)
תֹּאמֶר she said	wayyiqtol · qal
אמֹר	infinitive construct · qal
יְדַבְּרוּ they spoke	yiqtol · piel
אמֹר	infinitive construct · qal
יְשָׁאֲלוּ they will ask	yiqtol · piel
הֵתַֽמּוּ they ceased	qatal · hiphil

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וַאֲמַרַת לְמֵימַר אֶדְכַּר כְּעַן מַה דִכְתִיב בִסְפַר אוֹרַיְתָא לְמִשְׁאַל בְּקַרְתָּא בְקַדְמִין לְמֵימַר הַכְדֵין הֲוָת לָךְ לְמִשְׁאַל בְּאָבֵל אִם מַשְׁלְמִין:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Then she spoke, saying: 'They were wont to speak in old time, saying: They shall surely ask counsel at Abel; and so they ended the matter.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:2SA:549.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.20.18/